REPOSITÓRIO INSTITUCIONAL DA UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO PARAÍBA
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Estimating the obstructed portion of the night sky using digital image processing
(IK Press) Silva, Felipe Alexandre da; Castro, Vinicius Daniel dos Reis de; Oliveira, Marcos William da Silva; Caritá, Lucas Antonio; Rodrigues, Irapuan; Fernandes, Francisco Carlos Rocha
Determining the portion obscured by clouds in the night sky recorded in an image from a meteor monitoring station can be useful to help in the discussion and analysis of studies in this area. Thereby, this work presents a proposal to quantitatively measure the proportion of the night sky covered by clouds from images of meteor records. The images used are from EXOSS database, particularly from the UVP1 and UVP2 stations. Two approaches were elaborated: the first one computes the proportion of pixels in clouds over the total number of pixels, the second approach calculates another percentage value by using image processing techniques and applying an equalization method. An application was created to perform the calculations in an automated way. The program displays an enhanced image and the two calculated percentages and can be used for specialists as a tool to guide their choice of coverage values. The results showed that the second approach proves to be better for “many” and “few” clouds; furthermore, the first approach proves to be better in low cloud density images.
Enhancing learning of the Grad-Shafranov equation through scientific literature: part 2 of a physics education series
(Sociedade Brasileira de Física) Santos, Lenadro Nunes dos; Ojeda-González, Arian; La Luz, Victor Hugo de; Klausner, Virgínia; Pilling, Sergio; Prestes, Alan; Sousa, Antonio Nilson Laurindo; Oliveira, Matheus Felipe Cristaldo de
In part 1 of our physics education series, we introduced a novel solution based on Yoon-Lui’s solutions 1 and 2. Building upon that, this follow-up presents a new solution obtained by combining the generating functions of Yoon-Lui-1 and Yoon-Lui-3, resulting in a new and simplified general solution. We also calculate the singular points and determine their coordinates for various parameter values. A graphical representation of the solution is presented, showing the magnetic field lines and current density distribution. The behavior of the magnetic field and the effect of varying the parameter are discussed. The observed magnetic islands and singular points are relevant in the fields of Plasma Physics and Space Physics, providing insights into magnetic structures in plasmas and their impact on confinement and stability. Furthermore, this study encourages innovation and equips researchers and students with the necessary tools to make meaningful contributions to the field, emphasizing the integration of scientific literature into physics education to promote a comprehensive understanding of physical concepts and their practical applications.
Enhancing learning of the Grad-Shafranov Equation through scientific literature: part 1 of a physics education series
(Sociedade Brasileira de Física) Ojeda-González, Arian; Santos, Lenadro Nunes dos; La Luz, Victor Hugo de; Oliveira, Matheus Felipe Cristaldo de; Sousa, Antonio Nilson Laurindo; Prestes, Alan; Klausner, Virgínia; Pilling, Sergio
This article provides a comprehensive review of relevant studies in the fields of plasma physics, electromagnetism, and space physics. The aim is to demonstrate how the study of the scientific literature can be used to enhance problem-solving abilities and develop innovative solutions in physics. In this paper, we focus on the study of solutions of the specific Grad-Shafranov equation. Two of the new solutions proposed by Yoon and Lui (2005) are used as a basis for the development of a new solution. The new solution presented has singular points similar to the Yoon-Lui-2 solution, but with an inverted configuration, and also presents less rounded double islands compared to the Yoon-Lui-2 solution. Additionally, the new solution does not exhibit the formation of a current ring, a characteristic of the Yoon-Lui-1 solution, and varying its parameters may lead to higher plasma confinement efficiency. In summary, we illustrate how a thorough analysis of literature can serve as a powerful means for generating innovative approaches to resolving theoretical issues in physics.
Effects of the terdiurnal tide on the sporadic E (Es) layer development at low latitudes over the Brazilian sector
(European Geosciences Union) Fontes, Pedro Alves; Muella, Marcio Tadeu De Assis Honorato; Resende, Laysa Cristina Araújo; Andrioli, Vânia Fátima; Fagundes, Paulo Roberto; Pillat, Valdir Gil; Batista, Paulo Prado; Carrasco, Alexander Jose
Sporadic E (Es) layers are patches of high ionization observed at around 100–140 km height in the E region. Their formation at low latitudes is primarily associated with the diurnal and semidiurnal components of the tidal winds via the ion convergence driven by the wind shear mechanism. However, recent studies have shown the influence of other tidal modes, such as the terdiurnal tide. Therefore, this work investigates the effect of terdiurnal tide-like oscillations on the occurrence and formation of the Es layers observed over Palmas (10.17∘ S, 48.33∘ W; dip lat. −7.31∘), a low-latitude station in Brazil. The analysis was conducted from December 2008 to November 2009 by using data collected from CADI (Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde). Additionally, the E Region Ionospheric Model (MIRE) was used to simulate the terdiurnal tidal component in the Es layer development. The results show modulations of 8 h periods on the occurrence rates of the Es layers during all seasonal periods. In general, we see three well-defined peaks in a superimposed summation of the Es layer types per hour in summer and autumn. We also observed that the amplitude modulation of the terdiurnal tide on the Es occurrence rates minimizes in December in comparison to the other months of the summer season. Other relevant aspects of the observations, with complementary statistical and periodogram analysis, are highlighted and discussed.
Cosmic metallicity evolution of Active Galactic Nuclei: implications for optical diagnostic diagrams
(Royal Astronomical Society) Dors Junior, Oli Luiz; Cardaci, Mónica Viviana; Hägele, Guilhermo F.; Ilha, Gabriele da Silva; Oliveira Junior, Celso Benedito de; Riffel, Rogemar A.; Riffel, Rogério; Krabbe, Angela Cristina
We analyse the validity of optical diagnostic diagrams relying on emission-lines ratios and in the context of classifying Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) according to the cosmic metallicity evolution in the redshift range. In this regard, we fit the results of chemical evolution models (CEMs) to the radial gradients of the N/O abundances ratio derived through direct estimates of electron temperatures (Te-method) in a sample of four local spiral galaxies. This approach allows us to select representative CEMs and extrapolate the radial gradients to the nuclear regions of the galaxies in our sample, inferring in this way the central N/O and O/H abundances. The nuclear abundance predictions for theoretical galaxies from the selected CEMs, at distinct evolutionary stages, are used as input parameters in AGN photoionization models built with the Cloudy code. We found that standard BPT diagnostic diagrams are able to classify AGNs with oxygen abundances at redshift. On the other hand, the He iiλ4685/Hβ versus [N ii]λ6584/Hα diagram produces a reliable AGN classification independent of the evolutionary stage of these objects.