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Submissões Recentes
Geomagnetic Disturbances During the Maule (2010) Tsunami Detected by Four Spatiotemporal Methods
(Springer Nature Link) Klausner, Virginia; Macedo, Humberto Gimenes; Cezarini, Marina Vedelago; Ojeda-González, Arian; Prestes, Alan; Cândido, Claudia Maria Nicoli; Kherani, Esfhan Alam; Santos, Thiago de Almeida
Separating tsunamigenic variations in geomagnetic field measurements in the presence of more dominant magnetic variations by magnetospheric and ionospheric currents is a challenging task. The purpose of this article is to survey the tsunamigenic variations in the vertical component (Z) and the horizontal component (H) of the geomagnetic field using four spatiotemporal methods. Spatiotemporal analysis has shown enormous potential and efficiency in retrieving tsunamigenic contributions from geomagnetic field measurements. We select the Maule (2010) tsunami event on the west coast of Chile and examine the geomagnetic measurements from 13 ground magnetometers scattered in the Pacific Ocean covering a wide area from Chile, crossing the Pacific Ocean to Japan. The tsunamigenic magnetic disturbances are possibly due to two types of contributions, one arising from direct ocean motion and the other from atmospheric motion, both associated with tsunami forcing. Moreover, even though the tsunami waves decrease considerably with increasing epicentral distance, the tsunamigenic contributions are retrieved from a magnetic observatory in Australia ( 13,000 km radial distance from the epicenter). These results suggest that various types of tsunamigenic disturbances can be identified well from the integrated analysis framework presented in this work.
Energy Deposition by Cosmic Rays in the Molecular Cloud Using GEANT4 Code and Voyager I Data
(IOP science) Pazianotto, Maurício Tizziani; Pilling, Sergio; Molina, Jose Manuel Quesada; Federico, Claudio Antonio
Molecular clouds (MCs) are exposed to Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays (CR) that trigger several physical and physicochemical changes, including gas and grain heating and molecular destruction and formation. Here we present a theoretical model describing the energy delivered by CRs, composed of protons, alphas, and electrons taken from Voyager I measurements, into a typical MC with 5400 M☉ (composed mainly of H with a density law of r −1.2) and size around 1 × 106 au. The calculation was performed employing the Monte Carlo toolkit GEANT4 to obtain the energy deposition per mass from several types of secondary particles (considering nuclear and hadron physics). The results indicate that incoming protons contribute to most of the energy delivered in the MC in all regions (maximum ∼230 MeV g−1 s
−1 at outer regions of the cloud). Secondary electrons are the second most important component for energy deposition in almost all layers of the MC and can deliver an energy rate of ∼130 MeV g−1 s −1 in the outer region of the MC. Other cascade particles have their major energy delivery in the central and denser core of the MC. From a temperature model (considering CR data from Voyager I), we observed (i) a small bump in temperature at the distance of 3 × 103 –2 × 104 au from the center, (ii) a rapid temperature decrease (roughly 7 K) between the outer layer and the second most outer layer, and (iii) that, at a distance of 5 × 104 au (Av > 10), the gas temperature of the MC is below 15 K.
Electron temperature fluctuations in Seyfert galaxies
(Royal Astronomical Society) Riffel, Rogemar André; Dors Júnior, Oli Luiz; Krabbe, Angela Cristina; Esteban, César
We use Gemini GMOS-IFU observations of three luminous nearby Seyfert galaxies (Mrk 79, Mrk 348, and Mrk 607) to estimate the electron temperature (Te) fluctuations in the inner 0.4–1.1 kpc region of these galaxies. Based on Te determinations throug the [O III]λ5007/λ4363 emission line ratio of each spaxel, temperature variations are quantified by computing the integrated value of the temperature fluctuation parameter (t 2) projected in the plane of the sky t 2 A, for the first time in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). We find t 2 A values of 0.135, 0.039, and 0.015 for Mrk 79, Mrk 348, and Mrk 607, respectively, which are of the same order or larger than the maximum values reported in star-forming regions and planetary nebulae. Taking into account that t 2 A should be considered a lower limit of the total t 2 in the nebular volume, the results suggest that the impact of such fluctuations on chemical abundance determinations can be important in some AGNs.
Drift Velocity Estimation of Ionospheric Bubbles Using GNSS Observations
(Advancing Earth and Space Sciences) Souza, Ana Lucia Christovam de; Camargo, Paulo de Oliveira; Muella, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato; Tardelli‐Coelho, Flavia
Equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities are large-scale plasma depleted structures that exist in the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere. Thus, particularly in these regions, much attention must be given to the effects of the EPBs in the life critical applications based on global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). The study on the dynamics of plasma bubbles, particularly in the determination of their drift velocities, and their impact on ground-based augmentation system is of fundamental importance for civilian aviation. In this regard, we proposed a methodology to estimate the zonal drift velocities of the plasma bubble irregularities using slant total electron content (TEC) measurements derived from two spaced ground-based GNSS receivers. The experiments were performed with the purpose to evaluate if the drift velocities obtained using the methodology proposed in this study agree with the velocities deduced from all-sky imaging systems. The results revealed that the TEC-estimated mean eastward drift velocities were comparable with the values deduced from the airglow techniques, and with the results obtained from previous studies. Therefore, the methodology proposed in this work to infer the plasma bubble drift velocities seem to have the potential in future investigations to provide a new datasource in this field
Contextualização e interdisciplinaridade: revisando conceitos e aplicações no ensino de física e ciências
(Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Fernandes, Francisco Carlos Rocha; Prestes, Alan
O ensino da disciplina de Física se baseia, muitas vezes, na apresentação dos conteúdos, conceitos e leis físicas de forma mecânica e fragmentada, além de distanciada das experiências e vivências prévias dos alunos. Em oposição a essa realidade, os documentos oficiais, que norteiam a educação no país, como os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN), apontam, entre outras concepções metodológicas, a contextualização e a interdisciplinaridade do conhecimento como abordagens educacionais facilitadoras de uma aprendizagem, na qual, educadores e alunos são agentes ativos na construção do conhecimento. Neste artigo, é apresentada uma revisão da literatura dos conceitos de contextualização e interdisciplinaridade no ensino de Física do Ensino Médio e de Ciências no Ensino Fundamental, com o objetivo de melhor entender seu importante papel nas propostas e ações de ensino-aprendizagem, que privilegiam um conhecimento contextualizado e integrado à vida do educando. Relatos de experiências bem-sucedidas na adoção destas concepções são também apresentados e comentados.