Navegando por Assunto "Cancer"

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    Influence of Hydrocortisone in Chemotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy in HEp-2 Cells
    (Clinics in Oncology) Moraes, Carlos Dailton Guedes de Oliveira; Godoi, Bruno Henrique; Silva, Newton Soares da; Soares, Cristina Pacheco
    Aim: Cancer cells exhibit resistance to the immune response by regulating and altering the expression of mediators responsible for immune cell recruitment and disease progression. Cortisol is a natural hormone that may be associated with diseases such as cancer by stimulating stress and altering the cellular environment, favoring uncontrolled division and contributing to the inhibition of the immune response. In contrast, current therapeutic strategies do not present significant concerns about stress as a variable in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The response of HEp-2 cells to stress induced by hydrocortisone and to treatment with Cyclophosphamide (CP) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) was analyzed. Methods: One mM of hydrocortisone induced stress in the cells. Cells were treated with 200 μg/ mL of cyclophosphamide or Aluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) photosensitizer, LED irradiation (660 nm wavelength), intensity of 25 mW/cm2, power of 70 mW, fluence of 5 J/ cm2, characterizing the PDT. All groups were evaluated after 24 h and 48 h. Results: Assessment of stress-inducing mitochondrial activity and cell viability were performed, and the results demonstrated that hydrocortisone significantly altered the rate of cell death, compromising the effects of CP. Conclusion: However, hydrocortisone did not change the cell death rates caused by PDT, indicating the possibility of this hormone as an alternative therapy.
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    Ionizographic detector for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
    (CDRR Editors) Matos, Helton Gírio; Ramos, Marco Antonio Ramirez; Vieira, Lúcia; Pires, Ary Oliveira
    Every day the number of cancer victims increases. In 2020 alone, 626,030 people were affected in Brazil, according to estimates by the National Cancer Institute (INCA). The only way to reduce these numbers is early diagnosis. In the present study, a invention called Ionizographic Detector is described, which performs Positron Emission Tomography (PET) producing metabolic information in breast nodules. This device enables accurate diagnosis of breast nodules regarding its malignancy. To prove its effectiveness, a comparative evaluation was made between the Ionizographic Detector and the Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography (PET-CT) for analysis of the metabolic data in breast nodules. The research is being carried out with 20 patients who have histopathologically documented breast cancer. From the results it will be possible to prove the device’s efficacy. It will thus enable an accurate and low-cost malignancy diagnosis option. The Ionizographic Detector can be hybridized with some anatomical imaging technology, such as Ultrasound (US). With this, it is possible to promote greater access to accurate diagnoses, significantly increasing the possibility of early diagnoses, enabling a cure or a better prognosis for the patient.
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    PCR analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy on breast tumors
    (CDRR Editors) Ferreira, Isabelle; Silva, Glenda Nicioli da; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Grecco, Clovis; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; Salvadori, Daisy Maria Favero; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Rocha, Noeme Sousa
    Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality for treating cancer, including breast tumors. The oxidative damage caused by PDT culminates in cell death, induction of immune response, and the resulting destruction of the tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profiling of genes BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 and their proteins after PDT, associating it with the necrosis caused by this therapy under different fluences. Twenty-eight female rats received a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA - 80mg/kg), by gavage, for breast tumor induction. After the tumors grew, the animals were divided into four groups: G1 - control group – untreated breast tumor – and G2, G3, and G4 groups treated with PDT using Photogem@ as photosensitizer and interstitial irradiation, with fluences of 50J/cm, 100J/cm, and 150J/cm, respectively. Samples of tumors were harvested for histological examination by RT-qPCR. The RT-qPCR showed that the gene expression profiling of BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 was not altered after PDT. Hemorrhagic necrosis and qualitatively greater vascular and cellular damage were observed and correlated positively with the fluence. PDT does not seem to induce the modulation of genes related to apoptosis. The results indicate that the type of cell death stimulated by PDT in breast tumor is necrosis.