Hydrolytically synthesized chlorinated bioactive glasses: Structural reticulation and controlled ion release without alkaline shift

Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Gonçalves, Isabela dos Santos; Abdala, Julia Marinzeck de Alcantara; Abreu, Bianca Lapadula Heckert Franklin de; Cardoso, Gustavo Luiz Bueno; Thim, Gilmar Patrocínio; Campos, Tiago Moreira Bastos

Hydrolytically synthesized chlorinated bioactive glasses: Structural reticulation and controlled ion release without alkaline shift

dc.contributor.author	Oliveira, Ivone Regina de
dc.contributor.author	Gonçalves, Isabela dos Santos
dc.contributor.author	Abdala, Julia Marinzeck de Alcantara
dc.contributor.author	Abreu, Bianca Lapadula Heckert Franklin de
dc.contributor.author	Cardoso, Gustavo Luiz Bueno
dc.contributor.author	Thim, Gilmar Patrocínio
dc.contributor.author	Campos, Tiago Moreira Bastos
dc.date.accessioned	2026-02-04T17:10:04Z
dc.date.available	2026-02-03T16:21:36Z
dc.date.available	2026-02-04T17:10:04Z
dc.date.issued2	2026
dc.description.abstract	Bioactive glasses are recognized for their ability to release ions and induce apatite formation in physiological media. However, conventional glasses often cause a marked increase in pH during dissolution, which may lead to cytotoxic effects. In this study, chlorinated bioactive glasses were synthesized via a hydrolytic sol–gel route using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and calcium chloride, aiming to obtain materials with efficient ionic release and controlled pH response. Samples were thermally treated at 500 ◦C, 600 ◦C, and 700 ◦C and characterized by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, specific surface area (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ionic release tests. The chlorinated bioactive glass calcined at 500 ◦C exhibited the most promising combination of charac- teristics: presence of hydroxyl groups (–OH), a structure predominantly composed of Q2 units, high specific surface area (31.75 m2 g−1), well-defined mesoporosity, high ionic release (~2000 μS cm−1), and effective control of pH increase in aqueous media. These properties directly contribute to bioactivity and indicate that this ma- terial can be incorporated into biomedical formulations without the need for prior neutralization steps, in contrast to many conventional bioactive glasses. The results also demonstrate that the hydrolytic sol–gel route enables the synthesis of chlorinated bioactive glasses with tunable structure and dissolution profiles, overcoming limitations associated with more complex routes, such as those based on ion-exchange resins or precursors like metasilicate. The ability to combine high ionic release with low impact on pH represents a relevant advance in the design of bioceramics for regenerative and dental applications.
dc.description.physical	8 p.
dc.description.sponsorship	Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorship	Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uri	FAPESP: 2022/16643–7 CNPq: 402595/2023–8
dc.format.mimetype	PDF
dc.identifier.affiliation	Universidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliation	Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
dc.identifier.affiliation	Universidade Federal de Pelotas
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation	OLIVEIRA, I. R. et al. Hydrolytically synthesized chlorinated bioactive glasses: Structural reticulation and controlled ion release without alkaline shift. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, v. 674, p. 1-8, 2026. Disponível em: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022309325005289.
dc.identifier.doi	10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2025.123914
dc.identifier.uri	https://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/1123.2
dc.language.iso	en_US
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.rights.holder	Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
dc.subject.keyword	Chlorinated bioactive glass
dc.subject.keyword	Sol–gel synthesis
dc.subject.keyword	Hydrolytic route
dc.subject.keyword	Regenerative dentistry
dc.title	Hydrolytically synthesized chlorinated bioactive glasses: Structural reticulation and controlled ion release without alkaline shift
dc.type	Artigos de Periódicos