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Item Molecular effects of photodynamic therapy with curcumin on Leishmania major promastigotes(Parasitology Research, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany) Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira, Isabelle; Godoi, Bruno Henrique; Canevari, Renata de Azevedo; Ferreira-Strixino, JulianaLeishmaniasis is a neglected disease mainly affecting low-income populations. Conventional treatment involves several side effects, is expensive, and, in addition, protozoa can develop resistance. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative in treating the disease. PDT involves applying light at a specific wavelength to activate a photosensitive compound (photosensitizer, PS), to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). Curcumin and its photochemical characteristics make it a good candidate for photodynamic therapy. Studies evaluating gene expression can help to understand the molecular events involved in the cell death caused by PDT. In the present study, RNA was extracted from promastigotes from the control and treated groups after applying PDT. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the expression of the putative ATPase beta subunit (ATPS), ATP synthase subunit A (F0F1), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2), glycoprotein 63 (GP63), superoxide dismutase (FeSODA), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) genes (QR). The results suggest that PDT altered the expression of genes that participate in oxidative stress and cell death pathways, such as ATPS, FeSODA, and G6PD. The ATP-F0F1, ASS, and GP63 genes did not have their expression altered. However, it is essential to highlight that other genes may be involved in the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and, consequently, in the death of parasites.Item PCR analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy on breast tumors(CDRR Editors) Ferreira, Isabelle; Silva, Glenda Nicioli da; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Grecco, Clovis; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; Salvadori, Daisy Maria Favero; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Rocha, Noeme SousaPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality for treating cancer, including breast tumors. The oxidative damage caused by PDT culminates in cell death, induction of immune response, and the resulting destruction of the tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profiling of genes BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 and their proteins after PDT, associating it with the necrosis caused by this therapy under different fluences. Twenty-eight female rats received a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA - 80mg/kg), by gavage, for breast tumor induction. After the tumors grew, the animals were divided into four groups: G1 - control group – untreated breast tumor – and G2, G3, and G4 groups treated with PDT using Photogem@ as photosensitizer and interstitial irradiation, with fluences of 50J/cm, 100J/cm, and 150J/cm, respectively. Samples of tumors were harvested for histological examination by RT-qPCR. The RT-qPCR showed that the gene expression profiling of BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 was not altered after PDT. Hemorrhagic necrosis and qualitatively greater vascular and cellular damage were observed and correlated positively with the fluence. PDT does not seem to induce the modulation of genes related to apoptosis. The results indicate that the type of cell death stimulated by PDT in breast tumor is necrosis.