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Item Evaluation of the Photodynamic Therapy with Curcumin on L. braziliensis and L. major Amastigotes(MDPI) Pereira, André Henrique Correia; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Strixino, Juliana FerreiraCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical countries with the ability to cause skin lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a specific and topical option for the treatment of these lesions. This study evaluated the response of macrophages infected with L. braziliensis and L. major to PDT with curcumin. Curcumin concentrations were evaluated in serial dilutions from 500.0 to 7.8 μg/mL using LED (λ = 450 ± 5 nm), with a light dose of 10 J/cm2. The Trypan blue viability test, ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mitochondrial polarity by Rhodamine 123 (Rho 123), curcumin internalization by confocal microscopy, and counting of the recovered parasites after the PDT treatment were performed. The lowest concentrations of curcumin (15.6 and 7.8 μg/mL) presented photodynamic inactivation. Cell destruction and internalization of curcumin in both macrophages and intracellular parasites were observed in microscopy techniques. In addition, an increase in mitochondrial membrane polarity and a decrease in the number of parasites recovered was observed in the PDT groups. This study indicates that PDT with curcumin has the potential to inactivate infected macrophages and might act as a basis for future in vivo studies using the parameters herein discussed.Item Photodynamic Activity of Photogem® in Leishmania Promastigotes and Infected Macrophage(Taylor & Francis) Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Ferreira-Strixino, JulianaObjectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with Photogem⃝R in promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania major, and in infected macrophages. Materials & methods: The following parameters were analyzed: Photogem⃝R internalization, mitochondrial activ- ity, viability, tubulin marking and morphological alterations in promastigotes and viability in infected macrophages. Results: Photogem⃝R accumulated in the cytosol and adhered to the flagellum. Changes were observed in the mitochondrial activity in groups maintained in the dark, with no viability alteration. After PDT, viability decreased up to 80%, and morphology was affected. Conclusion: The results point out that PDT with Photogem⃝R can reduce parasite and macrophage viability. Lay abstract: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is a disease that can cause deforming lesions, the treatment of which is highly toxic. It is considered a neglected disease and little progress has been made in the treatment of this disease. Photodynamic therapy can be an alternative treatment which is less costly, and involves local treatment of the lesion, thereby reducing side effects for the patient. The present study aims to test the photodynamic therapy with Photogem, a photo sensitive drug, and to verify if the parasites can be affected by this therapy, aiming to apply this therapy in lesions in patients in the near future.