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Item Synthesis and characterization of photosensitive gelatin-based hydrogels for photodynamic therapy in HeLa-CCL2 cell line(Elsevier) Ambrósio, Jéssica Aparecida Ribeiro; Pinto, Bruna Cristina dos Santos; Marmo, Vitor Luca Moura; Santos, Kennedy Wallace dos; Beltrame Junior, Milton; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Raniero, Leandro José; Simioni, Andreza RibeiroBackground: Hydrogel systems are increasingly gaining visibility involving biomedicine, tissue engineering, environmental treatments, and drug delivery systems. These systems have a three-dimensional network composition and high-water absorption capacity, are biocompatible, allowing them to become an option as photosensitizer carriers (PS) for applications in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) protocols. Methods: A nanohydrogel system (NAHI), encapsulated with chloroaluminium phthalocyanine (ClAlPc) was synthesized for drug delivery.. NAHI was synthesized using gelatin as based polymer by the chemical cross-linking technique. The drug was encapsulated by immersing the hydrogel in a 1.0 mg.mL 1 ClAlPc solution. The external morphology of NAHI was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of swelling of the synthesized system was evaluated to determine the water absorption potential. The produced nanohydrogel system was characterized by photochemical, photophysical and photobiologial studies. Results: The images from the SEM analysis showed the presence of three-dimensional networks in the formulation. The swelling test demonstrated that the nanohydrogel freeze-drying process increases its water holding capacity. All spectroscopic results showed excellent photophysical parameters of the drug studied when served in the NAHI system. The incorporation efficiency was 70%. The results of trypan blue exclusion test have shown significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the cell viability for all groups treated with PDT, in all concentrations tested. In HeLa cells, PDT mediated by 0,5 mg.mL 1 ClAlPc encapsulated in NAHI showed a decrease in survival close to 95%. In the internalization cell study was possible to observe the internalization of phthalocyanine after one hour of incubation, at 37 ◦C, with the the accumulation of PS in the cytoplasm and inside the nucleus at both concentrations tested. Conclusions: Given the peculiar performance of the selected system, the resulting nanohydrogel is a versatile platform and display potential applications as controlled delivery systems of photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy application.Item Síntese e Caracterização de Nanossondas Bifuncionais com Clorina E6 e Cetuximabe para Aplicação em Terapia Fotodinâmica(2025-02-28) Raniero, Leandro José; Simioni, Andreza Ribeiro; Vieira, Lucia; Liu, Andrea Santos; Marmo, Vitor Luca Moura; São José dos CamposO receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico superexpresso (EGFR) em cânceres de pulmão, mama, colo do útero e colorretal está associado a um risco aumentado de mortalidade, destacando a importância de abordagens terapêuticas direcionadas. Portanto, a terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) utilizando nanossondas bifuncionais (NB) pode aumentar a seletividade e induzir a morte celular em tumores. Isto se deve à afinidade do anticorpo monoclonal IgG cetuximabe (CX) e à capacidade do fotossensibilizador clorina e6 (ce6) de produzir espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) que induzem células tumorais à morte. Este trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar NB que consistem em um sistema de nanopartículas de ouro (AuNPs) funcionalizadas com CX e ce6. Para sintetizar este sistema foi necessário modificar a estrutura do CX e ce6 utilizando carbodiimida, permitindo a funcionalização com as AuNPs. As caracterizações das NB foram realizadas utilizando as técnicas de espectroscopia UV-visível, espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), espalhamento dinâmico de luz (DLS), espalhamento eletroforético da luz (ELS) e espectroscopia de fluorescência. A absorção UV-visível revelou a permanência da banda de Soret e da banda Q em 390 nm e 667 nm, respectivamente, no NB. Os espectros de FTIR mostraram vibrações referentes à estrutura da ce6 e CX que não foram alteradas durante a reação da carbodiimida e o aparecimento da banda amida formada entre os compostos. Obtendo resultados promissores em testes in vitro na linhagem celular MDA-MB-468. Assim, os resultados indicam que as NB sintetizadas possuem potencial para aplicação na TFD direcionada contra tumores com superexpressão de EGFR.