Metallicity of active galactic nuclei from ultraviolet and optical emission lines - II. Revisiting the C43 metallicity calibration and its implications

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dc.contributor.authorDors Junior, Oli Luiz
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Celso Benedito de
dc.contributor.authorCardaci, Mónica Viviana
dc.contributor.authorHägele, Guillermo Federico
dc.contributor.authorArmah, Mark
dc.contributor.authorRiffel, Rogemar André
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Lucas Ramos
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Gleicy Caroline de
dc.contributor.authorMorais, Istenio Nunes de
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Pedro Camargo
dc.date.accessioned2026-02-05T18:21:48Z
dc.date.available2026-02-05T18:21:48Z
dc.date.issued22025
dc.description.abstractIn this study, a new semi-empirical calibration is proposed between ultraviolet emission lines (CIII]λ1909, CIVλ1549, HeII]λ1640) of type 2 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and their metallicity (Z). This calibration is derived by comparing a large sample of 106 objects (data taken from the literature) located over a wide range of redshifts (0 􏰁 z 􏰁 4.0) with predictions from photoionization models that adopt a recent C/O–O/H relation derived via estimates using the Te method, which is considered the most reliable method. We found that the new calibration produces Z values in agreement (within an uncertainty of ±0.1 dex) with those from other calibrations and from estimates via the Te-method. We find also that AGN metallicities are already high at early epochs, with no evidence for monotonic evolution across the redshift range 0 􏰁 z 􏰁 12. Notably, the highest metallicities in our sample, reaching up to 4 Z⊙, are found in objects at 2 􏰁 z 􏰁 3. This redshift range coincides with the peak of the cosmic star formation rate history, suggesting a strong connection between the major epoch of star formation, black hole growth, and rapid metal enrichment in the host galaxies of AGNs. Furthermore, our analysis reveals no significant correlation between AGN metallicity and radio properties (radio spectral index or radio luminosity) or host galaxy stellar mass. The lack of a clear mass–metallicity relation, consistent with findings for local AGNs, suggests that the chemical evolution of the nuclear gas is decoupled from the global properties of the host galaxy.
dc.description.physical17 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriFAPESP: 2024/03727-3 CNPq: 303450/2022-3, 403398/2023-1, 441722/2023-7 CAPES: 88887.894973/2023-00
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidad Nacional de La Plata
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Federal Catarinense
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationDORS JUNIOR, O. L. et al. Metallicity of active galactic nuclei from ultraviolet and optical emission lines – II. Revisiting the C43 metallicity calibration and its implications. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 542, n. 4, p. 3181-3197, 2025. Disponível em: 10.1093/mnras/staf1407.
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/mnras/staf1407
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/1132
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherOxford
dc.rights.holderMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.subject.keywordGalaxies
dc.titleMetallicity of active galactic nuclei from ultraviolet and optical emission lines - II. Revisiting the C43 metallicity calibration and its implications
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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