Ionospheric disturbances in a large area of the terrestrial globe by two strong solar flares of September 6, 2017, the strongest space weather events in the last decade

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dc.contributor.authorFagundes, Paulo Roberto
dc.contributor.authorPezzopane, Michael
dc.contributor.authorHabarulema, John Bosco
dc.contributor.authorVenkatesh, Karnam
dc.contributor.authorDias, Maukers Alem Lima
dc.contributor.authorTardelli, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorAbreu, Alessandro José de
dc.contributor.authorPillat, Valdir Gil
dc.contributor.authorPignalberi, Alessio
dc.contributor.authorBolzan, Maurício José Alves
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Brunno Augusto Gomes
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorRaulin, Jean-Pierre
dc.contributor.authorDenardini, Clezio Marcos
dc.contributor.authorSeemala, Gopi K.
dc.contributor.authorArcanjo, Mateus de Oliveira
dc.date.accessioned2025-05-07T14:39:46Z
dc.date.available2025-05-07T14:39:46Z
dc.date.issued22020
dc.description.abstractOn September 6, 2017, the solar active region AR 2673 emitted two solar flares: the first at 08:57 UT (X2.2) and the second at 11:53 UT (X9.3); both were powerful enough to black-out high and low frequency radio waves (where UT is universal time). The X9.3 was the strongest solar flare event in the past decade. In this study, we took the advantage of these two extreme flare events to investigate cor- responding effects on the ionosphere using multi-instrument observations from magnetometers, Global Positioning System – Total Elec- tron content (GPS-TEC) receivers, ionosondes and Swarm satellites over a large geographical extent covering South American, African and European sectors. During the X2.2 flare, European and African sectors were sunlit and during X9.3 European, African, and South American sectors were sunlit and exposed to the solar flare radiation. During the X2.2 flare, there was an ionosonde blackout for a dura- tion of about 45 min, while during the X9.3 flare this blackout lasted for 1 h and 30 min. The blackout are seen over a large global extent which demonstrates the severity of solar flare events in disrupting the radio communication. The horizontal component of Earth’s geo- magnetic field has shown ripples and enhancements during these flare events. The ionospheric Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC) showed a positive phase along with an intensification of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) over the South American and African sectors. The dynamical and physical processes associated with the TEC and EIA variabilities due to solar flare are discussed.
dc.description.physical17 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriCNPq ( 302406/2017-4) FAPESP ( 2019/09361-2)
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
dc.identifier.affiliationRhodes University
dc.identifier.affiliationNational Atmospheric Research Laboratory
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Tecnológico da Aeronautica
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade Federal de Jataí
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Federal de Tocantins
dc.identifier.affiliationIndian Institute of Geomagnetism
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationFAGUNDES, Paulo Roberto et al. Ionospheric disturbances in a large area of the terrestrial globe by two strong solar flares of September 6, 2017, the strongest space weather events in the last decade. Advances in Space Research, v. 66, n. 7, p. 1775-1791, 2020. Disponível em:
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.asr.2020.06.032
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/893
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rights.holderAdvances in Space Research
dc.subject.keywordIonosphere
dc.subject.keywordF-region
dc.subject.keywordSolar flare
dc.titleIonospheric disturbances in a large area of the terrestrial globe by two strong solar flares of September 6, 2017, the strongest space weather events in the last decade
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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