Characteristics of slant sporadic-E layers observed at low-latitudes

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dc.contributor.authorMuka, Peter Taiwo
dc.contributor.authorMuella, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Fredson Conceição
dc.contributor.authorResende, Laysa Cristina Araújo
dc.contributor.authorFagundes, Paulo Roberto
dc.contributor.authorOgunmola, Olufemi Louis
dc.contributor.authorFontes Neto, Pedro Alves
dc.contributor.authorPillat, Valdir Gil
dc.contributor.authorCesar, Mariah
dc.contributor.authorJesus, Rodolfo de
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-30T12:52:10Z
dc.date.available2026-01-30T12:52:10Z
dc.date.issued22025
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the occurrence, characteristics, and formation mechanisms of slant sporadic-E layers (Ess). The Ess-type layers observed at the Brazilian low-latitude stations of Jata ́ı (17.9°S, 51.7°W) and Sa ̃o Jose ́ dos Campos (23.2°S, 45.8°W), are analyzed using ionosonde data recorded for four months (April, June, September, and December) of 2016. Parameters such as top frequency (ftEs), blanketing frequency (fbEs), and virtual height (h’Es) were scaled from ionograms to characterize the slant (Ess) traces. The results show that Ess-type layers predominantly occur at night, forming between 95 and 120 km altitudes, with monthly and local variations. Model simulations using meteor radar-derived winds revealed that strong and stable zonal wind shear are associated with increased Ess-type layer activity. In addition, wavelet spectral analyses of ftEs and fbEs showed that tidal periodicities (diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal, and quarterdiurnal) and their interactions with gravity waves seem to play fundamental roles in the formation of Ess-type layers. A com- parison of DF (ftEs-fbEs) during Ess-type events confirmed the presence of strong plasma density gradients, supporting the hypothesis that the slanted traces in ionograms result mostly from oblique reflections in inhomogeneous Es layer structures. However, the appearance of slant Es traces may in some cases be related to an actual tilt of the layer. Other relevant aspects of the observations associated with the possible physical mechanisms behind the formation of Ess-type layers at low latitudes are highlighted and discussed.
dc.description.physical17 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriCAPES: 88887.924647/2023-00 FAPESP: 2022/14815-5, 2024/10875-9, and 2024/07329-2 CNPq: 314261/2020-6
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationLadoke Akintola University of Technology
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Federal do Maranhão
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
dc.identifier.affiliationChinese Academy of Science
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationMUKA, P. T. et al. Characteristics of slant sporadic-E layers observed at low-latitudes. Advances in Space Research, p. 1-17, 2025. Disponível em: 10.1016/j.asr.2025.09.090.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.asr.2025.09.090
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/1119
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rights.holderAdvances in Space Research
dc.subject.keywordSporadic-E layer
dc.subject.keywordSlant type Es
dc.subject.keywordLow-latitude ionosphere
dc.subject.keywordGravity waves
dc.subject.keywordTidal winds
dc.subject.keywordElectron density gradients
dc.titleCharacteristics of slant sporadic-E layers observed at low-latitudes
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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