Realistic energy deposition and temperature heating in molecular clouds due to cosmic rays: a computation simulation with the GEANT4 code employing light particles and medium-mass and heavy ions

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dc.contributor.authorPilling, Sergio
dc.contributor.authorPazianotto, Maurício Tizziani
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Lucas Alves de
dc.contributor.authorNascimento, Larissa Maciel do
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-08T16:53:33Z
dc.date.available2025-04-08T16:53:33Z
dc.date.issued22021
dc.description.abstractIn the interstellar medium, Galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays (CRs) penetrate deeper in the molecular clouds (MCs) and promote inside several physical and physicochemical changes due to the energy deposition, including gas and grain heating, and triggering also molecular destruction and formation. In this work, in an attempt to simulate, in a more realistic way, the energy delivered by CRs in a typical MC (mass ∼5400 M and size ∼106 au; mainly composed of H atoms), we combine the energy deposition of light particles and heavy ions, with the new calculations considering the medium-mass ions (3 ≤ Z ≤ 11). To execute the calculation, the Monte Carlo toolkit GEANT4 was applied to get the energy deposition rate per mass from many kinds of secondary particles, used in nuclear and hadron physics. The energy deposition by its induced cascade shower within the MC was characterized, as well as the relative energy deposition for all members of the medium-mass group. The results show that the incoming protons are the dominant source in the energy deposition and heating of the cloud, followed by alphas and electrons, with the medium-mass-ion and heavy-ion groups each contributing roughly 8 per cent. The current model also shows a temperature enhancement of up to 10 per cent in the external layers of the cloud (reaching 22.5 K) with respect to the previous calculations where only light particles were considered. However, neither heavy nor medium-mass ions contribute to the temperature enhancement in the deep core of the cloud.
dc.description.physical10 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriCNPq (projects #306145/2015-4; #302985/2018-2) FAPESP (project #2019/13577-0)
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationPILLING, Sergio et al. Realistic energy deposition and temperature heating in molecular clouds due to cosmic rays: a computation simulation with the GEANT4 code employing light particles and medium-mass and heavy ions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 509, n. 4, p. 6169-6178, 2021. Disponível em: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/509/4/6169/6448495.
dc.identifier.doi10.1093/mnras/stab3470
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/824
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherRoyal Astronomical Society
dc.rights.holderMonthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
dc.subject.keywordAstrochemistry
dc.subject.keywordAstroparticle physics
dc.subject.keywordAtomic processes
dc.subject.keywordSoftware: simulations
dc.subject.keywordCosmic Rays
dc.titleRealistic energy deposition and temperature heating in molecular clouds due to cosmic rays: a computation simulation with the GEANT4 code employing light particles and medium-mass and heavy ions
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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