Equatorial Ionization anomaly disturbances (EIA) triggered by the May 2024 solar Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): The strongest geomagnetic superstorm in the last two decades

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dc.contributor.authorFagundes, Paulo Roberto
dc.contributor.authorPillat, Valdir Gil
dc.contributor.authorHabarulema, John Bosco
dc.contributor.authorMuella, Marcio Tadeu de Assis Honorato
dc.contributor.authorVenkatesh, Kavutarapu
dc.contributor.authorAbreu, Alessandro José de
dc.contributor.authorAnoruo, Chukwuma Moses
dc.contributor.authorVieira, Francisco
dc.contributor.authorWelyargis, Kibrom Hadush
dc.contributor.authorAgyei-Yeboah, Ebenezer
dc.contributor.authorTardelli, Alexandre
dc.contributor.authorFelix, Gabriela de Sousa
dc.contributor.authorPicanço, Giorgio Arlan da Silva
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-15T17:41:27Z
dc.date.available2025-08-15T17:41:27Z
dc.date.issued22025
dc.description.abstractBetween May 10–15, 2024, a geomagnetic superstorm, the most intense in the past two decades, was recorded. This G5-level super- storm exhibited a Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index of −412 nT and a Kp index of 9. The sudden storm commencement (SSC) occurred on May 10 at 17:05 UT, followed by the main phase from 18:00 UT on May 10 to 03:00 UT on May 11. The recovery phase lasted from 03:00 UT on May 11 until May 15. During this period, nine X-class solar flares were observed, indicating intense solar activ- ity. The superstorm led to significant ionospheric disturbances, which were analyzed using data from two ionosonde stations and GPS- TEC data from a network across the American sector, covering equatorial to low-mid latitude regions. A negative storm effect was observed in the equatorial region, while a positive ionospheric effect was observed in the low-mid latitudes during the main phase, accom- panied by the uplift of the F-layer to altitudes exceeding 1024 km, driven by storm induced prompt penetration electric fields. Addition- ally, a strong negative storm effect was recorded during the recovery phase on May 11 in daytime, probably due to O/N2 ratio changes.
dc.description.physical15 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriFAPESP (2022/14815-5) CNPq (02724/2023-2, 304721/2021-2, and 314261/2020-6)
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationSouth African National Space Agency
dc.identifier.affiliationRhodes University
dc.identifier.affiliationNorth-West University
dc.identifier.affiliationPhysical Research Laboratory
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
dc.identifier.affiliationInstituto Federal de Tocantins
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationFAGUNDES, P. R. et al. Equatorial Ionization anomaly disturbances (EIA) triggered by the May 2024 solar Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): The strongest geomagnetic superstorm in the last two decades. Advances in Space Research, p. 1-15, 2025. Disponível em: 10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.007.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.asr.2025.02.007
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/1021
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rights.holderAdvances in Space Research
dc.subject.keywordGeomagnetic storm
dc.subject.keywordCoraonal Mass Ejection
dc.subject.keywordEquatorial Ionization Anomaly
dc.subject.keywordIonospheric response
dc.titleEquatorial Ionization anomaly disturbances (EIA) triggered by the May 2024 solar Coronal Mass Ejection (CME): The strongest geomagnetic superstorm in the last two decades
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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