Integrating Raman spectroscopy and RT-qPCR for enhanced diagnosis of thyroid lesions: a comparative study of biochemical and molecular markers

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dc.contributor.authorMedeiros Neto, Lázaro Pinto
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Laurita dos
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Luís Felipe C. S.
dc.contributor.authorSantos, André Bandiera de Oliveira
dc.contributor.authorMartin, Aírton Abrahão
dc.contributor.authorCanevari, Renata de Azevedo
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-25T17:05:31Z
dc.date.available2025-08-25T17:05:31Z
dc.date.issued22025
dc.description.abstractThyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy, with increasing incidence due to advancements in diagnostic techniques. Ultrasound (US) and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, widely used in clinical practice, have detection accuracies ranging from 65 % to 95 %. However, these methods may yield inconclusive or difficult-to-interpret results, emphasizing the need for complementary diagnostic techniques. This study ex- plores the integration of Raman spectroscopy and gene expression analysis via RT-qPCR to improve the diagnosis of thyroid lesions, classified into groups: follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and goiter tissues. Healthy tissue samples were used as normalizing controls in both analysis. Raman spectros- copy analyzed 35 samples, while RT-qPCR assessed 33 samples. For comparison, the same 19 samples previously analyzed by both techniques were examined. Raman spectroscopy, a non-invasive technique, has shown effec- tiveness in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid tissues by identifying key biochemical com- ponents such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. The distinguishing of FTC from goiter using Raman spectroscopy achieved an accuracy rate of 82.3 %. Gene expression analysis via RT-qPCR focused on six genes: TG, TPO, PDGFB, SERPINA1, TFF3, and LGALS3. Specifically, SERPINA1 was overexpressed in PTC, TFF3 showed elevated levels in FTC, and LGALS3 was elevated in both PTC and FTC compared to goiter and normal tissues. These findings align with existing literature, suggesting that these genes could serve as valuable diagnostic molecular markers. The expression analysis of these genes within this subset of samples demonstrated concordance with the classification derived from PCA of Raman spectroscopy data. The integration of Raman spectroscopy and RT- qPCR offers a complementary approach to traditional histological analysis, providing enhanced sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing thyroid lesions.
dc.description.physical10 p.
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipFinanciadora de Estudos e Projetos (Finep)
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.uriFAPESP (2009/18440-1, 2013/14464-9 and 2014/05978–1) CNPQ (302761/2009–8, 301066/2009–4, 307809/2013-7 and 309966/2021–3) FINEP (01.10.0661.0) CAPES (88881.062862/ 2014–01)
dc.format.mimetypePDF
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade do Vale do Paraíba
dc.identifier.affiliationPontifícia Universidade Católica
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade Brasil
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade de Taubaté
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversidade de São Paulo
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitationMEDEIROS NETO, L. P. Integrating Raman spectroscopy and RT-qPCR for enhanced diagnosis of thyroid lesions: a comparative study of biochemical and molecular markers. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, v. 261, p. 1-10, 2025. Disponível em: 10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116844.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116844
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.univap.br/handle/123456789/1036
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rights.holderJournal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
dc.subject.keywordThyroid
dc.subject.keywordRaman spectroscopy
dc.titleIntegrating Raman spectroscopy and RT-qPCR for enhanced diagnosis of thyroid lesions: a comparative study of biochemical and molecular markers
dc.typeArtigos de Periódicos

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