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Effect of serial photodynamic therapy with curcumin on Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes
(CDRR Editors) Maciel, Lucas Tobias Rodrigues; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Maciel, Fernanda Bueno Sant’Anna Pereira; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) consists of using a light source and a photosensitive drug at an appropriate wavelength and molecular oxygen to trigger cell death through the production of reactive oxygen species. Because it is a localised therapy, PDT is shown to be ideal for skin diseases. American cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is a highly prevalent protozoan disease worldwide that presents different clinical evolutions and may result in ulcerations and disfiguring lesions on the skin and cartilage. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect in vitro of PDT applied serially using curcumin as a photosensitiser. For this, a concentration of 125 µg.mL-1 of curcumin was used on Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis strains, with a light fluence of 10 J.cm-2 and irradiance of 110 mW.cm-2. The tests done were viability analysis by trypan blue exclusion test, analysis of photosensitizer (PS) internalization by confocal microscopy and morphological alterations by May-Grunwald/Giemsa staining. We observed that there was internalisation of the PS before the first and second application of PDT, with L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis strains mortality of 92% and 82% respectively, after the second application, and induction of alterations in the structural conformation, such as cell size and non-evidence of nucleus and flagellum, demonstrating that PDT was effective. We conclude that serial PDT was effective in inducing the mortality of promastigotes forms of L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis in vitro, thus highlighting its potential for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Experiences of family members of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder
(Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem) Magalhães, Juliana Macêdo; Rodrigues, Thalia Alves; Rêgo Neta, Marly Marques; Damasceno, Carolinne Kilcia Carvalho Sena; Sousa, Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa; Arisawa, Emília Ângela Lo Schiavo
Objective: To describe, in the mothers’ perception, the experiences lived by families in the care of children with autism spectrum disorder. Method: Qualitative study, carried out with 20 mothers of children diagnosed with autistic disorder accompanied by an institution in Teresina-Piauí, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between February and March 2019 and subjected to content analysis. Results: Five central ideas related to the stages experienced by family members after the diagnosis were identified, ranging from denial to acceptance. Family members and caregivers experience feelings of sadness and mourning for the discovery of the impossibility of curing the syndrome, revealing the need for care for this family.The search for help and adaptations of the routine are constant experiences. Conclusion: Caring for children who live with autistic disorder involves learning ranging from structural to emotional aspects, such as dealing with limitations and impossibility of cure, pointing out to the need for family care.
Gold nanoparticles associated with temozolomide for glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment
(CDRR Editors) Gialluca, Vanessa Dias; Lima, Vitor Gabriel Poli de; Caixeta, Aloísio; Castilho, Maiara Lima; Raniero, Leandro José
Malignant neoplasms represents a group of diseases that features, as a characteristic, the genetic differentiation of the original tissue, leading to the disordered growth of cells, invading normal tissues and organs. Among the most aggressive tumors, Glioblastoma Multiforme has a mortality rate around 95% and survival’s average of 15 months, even though all treatment available. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the chemotherapeutic drug so far tested and approved with the highest response in this tumor sub-type and must be associated to other treatments to achieve better results. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the performance of this therapeutic modality with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and also combined with radiotherapy. TMZ hydrolysis was characterized at different pH and the chemical changes on molecular structure was determined via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The treatment performance was verified in vitro test using TMZ, TMZ plus AuNPs and associated with radiotherapy. The TMZ concentrations were varied from 0 (control group) to 1000µM, combined with AuNPs from 0 (control group) to10¹⁰ nanoparticles per well. The results showed the drug is stable at pH values between 2 to 4, but for pH values close to the physiological or basic medium, degradation is accentuated reaching a rate of 16 %/hour. The changes on molecular structure of TMZ can be observed through the FT-IR spectra, where the release of oxygen in the structure has influence on C=O group. The results of in vitro experiments showed that the highest poor results in the absence of ionizing irradiation. However, for experiments with TMZ and nanoparticles associated to radiotherapy, the performance of the treatment increased. In summary, the AuNPs showed important results under irradiation, revealing the same level of cytotoxicity for the highest TMZ concentration without irradiation. Also, the synergic effect between AuNPs and TMZ was observed under irradiation condition.
Intervenção de musicoterapia nos sinais vitais de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista: Estudo piloto
(CDRR Editors) Magalhães, Juliana Macêdo; Batista, Pedro Venicius de Sousa; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo
Objetivo: Avaliar os sinais vitais de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista no contexto de intervenção de musicoterapia. Métodos: Estudo piloto experimental de intervenção de musicoterapia, desenvolvido no nordeste do Brasil. Sete crianças com transtorno do espectro autista foram avaliadas, distribuída em três para intervenção de musicoterapia e quatro sem intervenção. Os dados foram analisados utilizando testes não paramétricos. Resultados: As crianças apresentavam média de idade de oito anos, com maioria do sexo masculino. Descritivamente houve redução nos sinais vitais de 3,7% na saturação de O2, diminuição de 3,3 mmHg na pressão arterial sistólica e aumento de 5,0 bpm na frequência cardíaca no grupo que passou por intervenção de musicoterapia. O grupo sem intervenção apresentou aumento médio de 0,5% na saturação de O2 e de 2,5 mmHg na pressão arterial diastólica. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os efeitos da musicoterapia nos sinais vitais foram indicativos de respostas satisfatórias para as crianças com autismo.
Perfil de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista
(CDRR Editors) Magalhães, Juliana Macêdo; Silva, Thalita Monteiro da; Silva, Fabiana da Conceição; Alencar, Mariana de Fátima Barbosa de; Rêgo Neta, Marly Marques; Alencar, Delmo de Carvalho; Arisawa, Emília Angela Lo Schiavo
Introdução: O Transtorno do Espectro Autista, também conhecido como autismo, é caracterizado como uma deficiência comunicativa, com comportamentos repetitivos e áreas restritas de interesse. Para isso, a identificação do perfil de crianças com a síndrome é de suma importância, o qual pode fornecer dados para efetivar políticas públicas. Objetivo: Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar o perfil de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em uma Associação de Amigos dos Autistas, na cidade de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil. Incluíram-se no estudo prontuários de crianças que estavam na faixa etária de zero a onze anos de idade atendidas em 2019. Resultados: Prevaleceu o sexo masculino (80,95%), com idade entre 8 a 9 anos (44,4%), Ensino fundamental (1° a 4° serie) (52,4%). 61 (96,82%) possuíam classificação para autismo infantil e utilizavam o tratamento medicamentoso com Risperidona (23/36,5%). A maioria (61/96,8%) realizava terapia individual e apresentava problemas associados à utilização do brinquedo, psicomotricidade, linguagem, socialização e limites. Conclusão: O estudo contribui para que profissionais sejam capazes de perceber as demandas dos autistas e colaborar com o seu melhor atendimento
Reabilitação sensório-motora associada à fotobiomodulação transcraniana em pacientes com lesão do sistema nervoso central
(Revista Univap) Guimarães, Carolina Lobo; Pinto, Ana Paula; Macedo, Humberto Gimenes; Oliveira, Virgínia Klausner de; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Lima, Mário Oliveira
As doenças neurológicas geralmente estão associadas a importantes déficits funcionais, dificultando a execução de atividades de vida diária e autocuidado. Pesquisas recentes demonstram efeitos positivos da Fotobiomodulação Transcraniana (FBM-T) para estimulação do tecido cerebral. O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da FBM-T associada ao treinamento aeróbico na função do sistema musculoesquelético de indivíduos com lesões neurológicas crônicas. Participaram deste ensaio clínico duplo-cego 16 voluntários com diferentes lesões do SNC, de ambos os sexos, idade média de 51,9±13,9 anos e marcha preservada. Os voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (Treino FBM-T ativo + treino aeróbico e FBM-T placebo + treino aeróbico). O programa de reabilitação foi realizado em esteira ergométrica, na frequência de 2 vezes semanais e com duração total de 12 semanas. A FBM-T (3 lasers no λ= 660nm e 3 Lasers no λ= 808nm, 100mW, 6J/laser, 60seg/ponto, 36J por ponto, energia total 108J/cm2) foi aplicada em 3 pontos, sendo estes Fz, F7 e F8 segundo o Sistema Internacional 10-20 de EEG. Foram avaliados RMS do músculo reto femoral parético ou de maior comprometimento no pré-tratamento, 8ª semana e 12ª semana. Nota-se um aumento da atividade elétrica do grupo Laser nas coletas de RMS isotônica e isométrica, e redução do recrutamento muscular em ortostatismo quando comparados o início e o final do treinamento. Sugere-se que a FBM-T pode ter sido um fator influente para o aumento do recrutamento muscular no grupo Laser.
Evaluation of hydrogel use in the development of Rapanea ferruginea with water restriction by vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR)
(SciELO) Pereira, Douglas Cubas; Pupin, Breno; Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi
This study evaluated the use of hydrogel on the development of Rapanea ferruginea under water restriction through Vibrational Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-UATR). Seedlings of approximately 30 cm height were transferred in pots with 3 L of soil. The group of seedlings was separated into 5 different triplicate treatments according to the amount of hydrogel, as follows: H1 (25%), H2 (20%), H3 (15%), H4 (10%) and S (control without hydrogel). The applied hydrogel was mixed homogeneously with the soil. All treatments were irrigated with 40 mL of water. FTIR spectra were obtained from fresh leaves collected during 13 months of monitoring. The correlation of the hydroxyl (water) band with the main biomolecules between treatments with the control was evaluated using the Mann-Whitney test (p<0.05). The biomolecule bands were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). The results indicate a significant correlation of the water band with the lipid, hemicellulose, cell wall and starch components in the species. The use of hydrogel resulted in a significant difference in the water absorption band in relation to the control group through the Mann-Whitney test and in biomolecules as the HCA and PCA analysis suggested. The best development was observed in groups H4 (10%), H2 (20%) and H3 (15%). The use of hydrogel positively influences the biomolecular development of the Rapanea ferruginea and monitoring is viable by FTIR.
Ação de extrato de folhas de Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen em co-cultivo de Staphylococcus aureus e L929 (fibroblastos) simulando processo de celulite infecciosa
(CDRR Editors) Silva, Laís Eduarda; Silva, Carlos Augusto Priante da; Pacheco-Soares, Cristina; Silva, Newton Soares da
Introdução: A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus é o agente etiológico de maior incidência nas infecções de pele, dentre elas a celulite infecciosa. Seu tratamento é contido por antibióticos, porém o uso de plantas medicinais vem sendo utilizadas para tratamento. Acmella oleracea é uma planta da família Asteraceae conhecida como jambu. Objetivos: Avaliar a ação do extrato das folhas de Acmella oleracea em co-cultivo da linhagem celular L929 e bactérias Staphylococcus aureus simulando o processo de celulite infecciosa. Metodologia: Foi realizado primeiramente o teste MTT e Cristal Violeta na linhagem celular L929 incubadas com o extrato do jambu, nas concentrações 500 µg/mL, 1000 µg/mL e 2000 µg/mL. Foi realizado ensaios com Staphylococcus aureus incubado no período de 24 horas com o extrato do jambu nas mesmas concentrações. Resultados: Na avaliação das células L929 no teste MTT houve uma significância na concentração de 1000 µg/mL apresentando uma baixa atividade metabólica em relação as outras concentrações. No teste cristal violeta ocorreu um maior estímulo nas demais concentrações quando comparado ao controle. Na viabilidade da bactéria observou-se uma queda significativa da viabilidade quando comparado ao controle. A concentração de 500 ug/mL foi que apresentou um menor índice de UFC. Ao realizar o teste do co-cultivo L929 - S. aureus após a incubação de 24 horas com diferentes concentrações do extrato, foi possível avaliar que a ação do extrato apresentou uma redução significativa na viabilidade bacteriana e não interferência à viabilidade das células L929. Conclusão: Com estes resultados demonstramos que o extrato de Acmella oleracea apresentou uma atividade antimicrobiana sem interferir na linhagem de fibroblastos L929, sendo assim podendo ser utilizada contra a celulite infecciosa.
A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation on Skeletal Muscle Fatigue in Spastic Patients
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation) Stamborowski, Sadi Fernando; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva; Leonardo, Patrícia Sardinha; Lima, Mário Oliveira
Peripheral muscle fatigue is a common experience in daily life. Every individual at some point in their life has realized the inability to maintain muscle contraction, a phenomenon known as fatigue. Interestingly, neurological patients with peripheral sequelae such as spastic muscle contraction are able to remain in a pattern of muscle contraction for prolonged periods. The effects of laser therapy are already recognized in muscle contraction to delay skeletal muscle fatigue, prolong physical activity, and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness. However, the effects of photobiomodulation on neurological patients with muscular spasticity are still not well established. The present literature review seeks to recognize articles about the application of laser irradiation, also known as photobiomodulation, to patients with muscle fatigue and/or spastic palsy. To perform a literature review, we used the systematic review methodology for the literature search. The following keywords were searched: (skeletal muscle fatigue) AND (spastic patients) AND (low-level laser therapy OR low intensity laser therapy OR low energy laser therapy OR LLLT OR LILT OR LELT OR infrared laser OR IR laser OR diode laser), and these were used for search on the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, BIREME, Scopus, and SciELO. Besides that, a literature review concerning on muscle physiology, fatigue, and LLLT was made. No language filter was applied, and altogether, 689 papers were identified. A group of 3 physiotherapists and 01 pharmaceutical scientist performed the literature review, and every exclusion was confirmed by at least two reviewers. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 128 studies were included in this review. Conclusion, the LLLT can contribute to the recovery of spastic patients and muscles in fatigue. However, the real effect of laser photobiomodulation on muscle spasticity remains to be established. Only a much reduced number of clinical trials have been performed with a small number of participants. There is a lack of clinical trials from different research groups that could help to understand and elucidate the effects of laser in prolonged muscle contraction in spastic palsy.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
(Elsevier) Ribeiro, Isabelle de Paula; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Souza, Beatriz Müller Nunes; Miñán, Alejandro Guillermo; Ferreira-Strixino, Ferreira-Strixino
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) effect approximately 1.5 million individuals worldwide. Among the causes of HAIs in Latin America, Staphylococcus aureus presents a severe danger due to its rapid spread and ease of developing antibiotic resistance. Upon acquiring methicillin resistance, it receives the classification Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), responsible for 40 to 60% of HAIs. The increase in resistant microorganisms led to the search for alternative methods, such as antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), forming Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading bacterial cells to death. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial action of PDT with curcumin in MRSA biofilm. The strains were induced to form biofilm and incubated with curcumin for 20 min, irradiated with LED (Light Emitting Diode) 450 nm, at 110 mW/cm2, 50 J/cm2 for 455 s, subsequently counting the Colony Forming Units, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, Confocal Microscopy images, Resazurin dye test, ROS quantification to assess the effect of PDT on biofilm. The results show that PDT with curcumin reduced the biofilm growth of the MRSA strain. In addition, confocal microscopy showed that curcumin was internalized by S. aureus in the cells at the concentration used, and when isolated, curcumin and the irradiation parameter did not show cytotoxicity. The study demonstrated that the PDT in the established parameters reduced the growth of the MRSA strain biofilm, making it a relevant alternative possibility for the inactivation of this strain.
Combined morphological-compositional analysis of the interaction of collagen and chitosan based-materials with demineralized bovine dentin
(Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos) Nahórny, Sidnei; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva
Treatments to promote the biomineralization of dentin are the focus of much research with different materials and processes. Biomineralization is a process mediated by an organic matrix in which organic macromolecules act as models for the nucleation and growth of mineral crystals to form hierarchically ordered hybrid materials, such as bones or teeth. This study describes the application of novel materials based on collagen and chitosan aimed to protect the dentin from erosive conditions. The dentin morphology of the bovine teeth treated with these materials was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In additions, it was possible to confirm the data by analyzing the distribution of inorganic content of dentin by micro energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (µ-EDXRF). The association of analytical techniques demonstrated greater surface coverage for the chitosan-fluoride followed by the hydrolyzed collagen. Both materials are promising for the application of dentin coverage in dentistry.
Calcium Aluminate Cement Blends Containing Bioactive Glass and Strontium for Biomaterial Applications
(SciELO) Barbosa, Ana Margarida; Santos, Kennedy Wallace dos; Gonçalves, Irene S.; Leite, Priscila Maria Sarmeiro Corrêa Marciano; Martorano, Antonio Secco; Grisote, Gabriela; Raucci, Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro; Oliveira, Paulo Tambasco de; Raniero, Leandro José; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de
In this work blends based on calcium aluminate cement (CAC) containing bioactive glass (BG) (5, 7.5 and 10 wt%) and strontium oxide (1 wt%) were produced aiming improve their bioactivity and the capacity to stimulate the bone regeneration. In the first part, the blends containing only BG were characterized as theoretical density, microhardness, uniaxial cold crush strength after SBF and apparent porosity and pore size distribution before and after SBF treatment. In the second part, bioactivity and cell culture tests were also conducted in the blends containing BG and strontium oxide. The addition of 7.5 wt% of BG in homogeneous calcium aluminate cement (CH) improved its mechanical properties as microhardness and uniaxial cold crushing strength. The blends were more bioactive due to the presence of a highly soluble amorphous phase as confirmed by means of SEM/EDX mainly for 7.5 wt% BG without and with Sr from 1 day in SBF. FTIR analyses indicated the formation the apatite-like phase by means of increase of intensity of the PO43- peaks after SBF treatment. All blends allowed the development of the osteoblastic phenotype and the formation of mineralized matrix increased due to the inclusion of BG and Sr promoting the osteogenesis process.
Amniotic membrane applied to burns healing: Pre-clinical study
(CDRR Editors) Amorim, Fernanda Cláudia Miranda; Arisawa, Emilia Ângela Loschiavo; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros; Fonseca, Khetyma Moreira; Costa, Davidson Ribeiro; Rodrigues, Ana Beatriz Mendes; Carvalho, Jancineide Oliveira de
This preclinical study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair process of burns treated with human amniotic membrane (hAM) patches in rats. Twenty-four rats were subjected to superficial burns of partial thickness, and randomly allocated into two groups: Control and Treated Group, subdivided into two experimental periods of 7th and 14th days. The lesions were evaluated by digitalized images (macroscopy) and by the analysis of histological sections stained in H&E to quantify the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts present in the different experimental times (histomorphometry). The histomorphometric analyses were performed blindly. Statistical analysis employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney tests, with 95% confidence interval at 5% significance level (p <0.05). Macroscopically, the lesions of Treated group presented a crust formation before Control Group, and there were no signs of infection in both groups. Microscopically, the qualitative analysis showed a faster evolution in the healing process of the Treated groups compared to the Control, with reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, intense fibroblasts proliferation and better organization of the collagen fibers. The quantitative analysis showed statistically significant results regarding the reduction of inflammatory cells (p<0.0001) at 7th and 14 th day and increased proliferation of fibroblasts at 14th day (p<0.0001) in lesions treated with hAM compared to Control group. The results of this preclinical study demonstrated that the application of hAM patches reduces the inflammatory process and accelerates the onset of the proliferative phase in burn injuries.
Development of a smartphone device for reading aimed at low-vision people
(Revista Univap) Silva, Bruno Procópio da; Mendes, Alessandro Correa; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva; Pinto, Ana Paula; Souza, Gabriela Aparecida da Silveira; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Alvaro Brandão; Lima, Mário Oliveira
Many people with total or partial visual impairment can use assistive technology (AT) to facilitate daily living activities. Smartphones and, especially, their applications, can be a tool of easy access and applicability as AT. The aim of this study was to develop an application for use on a smartphone or tablet to improve the visual ability of people with low visual acuity. The software, called Oftcam, was developed using the ANDROID operating system, written in Java Android under the Java version JDK 1.7, supporting the minimum version of Android 2.2. Its operating mechanism includes capturing and adjusting the image of interest to the users according to their needs: expansion, change of background and decentralization of the image of interest. The development of this free, easy-to-handle application will provide the possibility of integration between the user and the auxiliary professional, being, in practice, a mobile resource of health. Considering that most people have an increasing access to phones and tablets, we believe the use of this application is a good alternative to integrate the need and practicality in the daily lives of the visually impaired people.
Non-thermal plasma applied to treating diabetic foot
(CDRR Editors) Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo; Cardoso, Juliana Cunha; Vieira, Lucia; Oliveira, Rauirys Alencarde de
Objective: Evaluate the effects of non-thermal plasma therapy (NTP) for the treatment of diabetic foot injuries in two patients, considering the evolution of the steps of the healing process, pain sensitivity, and quality of life. Methodology: Lesions in the lower limbs of two patients with Diabetes mellitus (DM) with similar anatomical location and dimensions were treated, one patient with controlled DM and the other classified as uncontrolled DM. The application of NTP was performed for 10 minutes, 3 times a week in direct contact with the lesions. The same protocol was applied in both clinical cases to allow a reliable evaluation of the healing process. Results and Discussion: The lesions presented progressive regression until their complete regeneration (100%), without the development of infections during treatment. Conclusion: The results obtained in the two clinical cases allow us to attest that the NTP application in the treatment of diabetic foot injuries resulting from DM constituted an important therapeutic tool for the evolution of the healing process of these injuries, with a significant reduction in the lesion area in a short period of time. The definition of the ideal treatment protocol depends on the expansion of the number of studies and the increase of the studied population.
PCR analysis of the effect of photodynamic therapy on breast tumors
(CDRR Editors) Ferreira, Isabelle; Silva, Glenda Nicioli da; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Grecco, Clovis; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvador; Salvadori, Daisy Maria Favero; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Rocha, Noeme Sousa
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising therapeutic modality for treating cancer, including breast tumors. The oxidative damage caused by PDT culminates in cell death, induction of immune response, and the resulting destruction of the tumor. This study aimed to evaluate the gene expression profiling of genes BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 and their proteins after PDT, associating it with the necrosis caused by this therapy under different fluences. Twenty-eight female rats received a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA - 80mg/kg), by gavage, for breast tumor induction. After the tumors grew, the animals were divided into four groups: G1 - control group – untreated breast tumor – and G2, G3, and G4 groups treated with PDT using Photogem@ as photosensitizer and interstitial irradiation, with fluences of 50J/cm, 100J/cm, and 150J/cm, respectively. Samples of tumors were harvested for histological examination by RT-qPCR. The RT-qPCR showed that the gene expression profiling of BCL-2, BAX, and HER-2 was not altered after PDT. Hemorrhagic necrosis and qualitatively greater vascular and cellular damage were observed and correlated positively with the fluence. PDT does not seem to induce the modulation of genes related to apoptosis. The results indicate that the type of cell death stimulated by PDT in breast tumor is necrosis.
Susceptibility of Dental Caries Microcosm Biofilms to Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Fotoenticine
(MDPI) Garcia, Maíra Terra; Ward, Rafael Araújo da Costa; Gonçalves, Nathália Maria Ferreira; Pedroso, Lara Luise Castro; Silva Neto, José Vieira da; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Junqueira, Juliana Campos
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by Fotoenticine® (FTC), a new photosensitizer derived from chlorin e-6, has shown in vitro inhibitory activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. However, its antimicrobial effects must be investigated on biofilm models that represent the microbial complexity of caries. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of FTC-mediated PDT on microcosm biofilms of dental caries. Decayed dentin samples were collected from different patients to form in vitro biofilms. Biofilms were treated with FTC associated with LED irradiation and analyzed by counting the colony forming units (log10 CFU) in selective and non-selective culture media. Furthermore, the biofilm structure and acid production by microorganisms were analyzed using microscopic and spectrophotometric analysis, respectively. The biofilms from different patients showed variations in microbial composition, being formed by streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts. Altogether, PDT decreased up to 3.7 log10 CFU of total microorganisms, 2.8 log10 CFU of streptococci, 3.2 log10 CFU of lactobacilli and 3.2 log10 CFU of yeasts, and reached eradication of mutans streptococci. PDT was also capable of disaggregating the biofilms and reducing acid concentration in 1.1 to 1.9 mmol lactate/L. It was concluded that FTC was effective in PDT against the heterogeneous biofilms of dental caries.
PCR-RFLP and FTIR-based detection of high-risk human papilloma virus for cervical cancer screening and prevention
(Elsevier) Melo, Igor Martins Alves; Viana, Magda Rogéria Pereira; Pupin, Breno; Bhattacharjee, Tanmoy Tapobrata; Canevari, Renata de Azevedo
Background: Approximately 70% of cervical carcinoma cases show the presence of high-risk Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), especially HPV-16 and HPV-18, and can be used to stratify high risk patients from low risk and healthy. Currently, molecular biology techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are used to identify the presence of virus in patient samples. While the methodology is highly sensitive, it is labor intensive and timeconsuming. Alternative techniques, such as vibrational spectroscopy, has been suggested as a possible rapid alternative. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the efficiency of cervical fluid Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in patient risk stratification informed by PCR. Methods: Cervical fluid samples (n = 91) were obtained from patients who have undergone routine Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Viral genome was identified and classified as high/low-risk by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). FTIR spectra were acquired from samples identified by PCR-RFLP as No-HPV (n = 10), high-risk HPV (n = 7), and low-risk HPV (n = 7). Results: Of the 91 samples, was detected the viral genome by PCR in 36 samples. Of these 36 samples, nine samples were identified to contain high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and nine samples were found to have low-risk HPV (LR-HPV). The FTIR spectra acquired from No-HPV, LR-HPV, and HR-HPV showed differences in 1069, 1437, 1555, 1647, 2840, 2919, and 3287 cm-1 bands. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed distinct clusters for No-HPV and HR-HPV and No-HPV and LR-HPV, but there was significant overlap in the clusters of HR-HPV and LR-HPV. PCA-Linear Discriminant Analysis (PC-LDA) after Leave One Out Cross Validation (LOOCV) classified No-HPV from HR-HPV and No-HPV from LR-HPV with 100% efficiency in the 1400-1800 cm-1 spectral range. LOOCV classifications for LR-HPV and HR-HPV from each other were 71 and 75%, respectively, in the 2800-3400 cm-1 spectral range. Conclusions: The results highlight the high sensitivity of PCR-RFLP in HPV identification and show that FTIR can classify samples identified as healthy, low, and high-risk samples by PCR-RFLP. General significance: We show the possibility of using FTIR for initial cervical cancer risk stratification followed by detailed PCR-RFLP investigations for suspect cases.
Infrared thermography as valuable tool for gynoid lipodystrophy (cellulite) diagnosis
(Springer-Verlag London Ltd.) Lopes‐Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Barbaroto, Douglas Peretta; Barbosa, Elaine da Silva; Leonardo, Patrícia Sardinha; Ruiz-Silva, Carlos; Arisawa, Emília Ângela Lo Schiavo
Cellulite is a morphological alteration of the tegument tissue, directly interfering in self-esteem with etiology and pathophysiology far from being a consensus. Although the visual diagnosis of cellulitis is well known, it does not represent the real pathological condition of the subcutaneous tissue. The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that the more heterogeneous tissue pattern analyzed by infrared thermography, the more severe is the cellulite grade. Forty female participants were selected and 60 thighs were analyzed by clinical anamnesis and infrared thermography. Classical visual analysis was correlated to the tissue heterogeneity measured by thermography. R Spearman’s correlation between visual evaluation and thermography was 0.92. Phototype presented a negative significant correlation of 0.67 with classical visual analysis. In the present study, we presented a simple method based on infrared thermography that can be adopted in any esthetics office with a correlation of 0.92 with the visual classic evaluation, but, besides, may be very helpful to the clinician to decide which treatment will be adopted, i.e., an aggressive and inflammatory approach such as the radiofrequency of shockwave therapy or an anti-inflammatory approach such as photobiomodulation, depending on the inflammatory status of cellulite.
Oxidative cleavage of polysaccharides by a termite-derived superoxide dismutase boosts the degradation of biomass by glycoside hydrolases
(Royal Society of Chemistry) Cairo, João Paulo L. Franco; Mandelli, Fernanda; Tramontina, Robson; Cannella, David; Paradisi, Alessandro; Ciano, Luisa; Ferreira, Marcel R.; Liberato, Marcelo V.; Brenelli, Lívia B.; Gonçalves, Thiago A.; Rodrigues, Gisele N.; Alvarez, Thabata M.; Mofatto, Luciana S.; Carazzolle, Marcelo F.; Pradella, Jose Geraldo da Cruz; Leme, Adriana F. Paes; Leonardo, Ana M. Costa; Neto, Mário Oliveira; Damasio, André; Davies, Gideon J.; Felby, Claus; Walton, Paul H.; Squina, Fabio M.
Wood-feeding termites effectively degrade plant biomass through enzymatic degradation. Despite their high efficiencies, however, individual glycoside hydrolases isolated from termites and their symbionts exhibit anomalously low effectiveness in lignocellulose degradation, suggesting hereto unknown enzymatic activities in their digestome. Herein, we demonstrate that an ancient redox-active enzyme encoded by the lower termite Coptotermes gestroi, a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CgSOD-1), plays a previously unknown role in plant biomass degradation. We show that CgSOD-1 transcripts and peptides are up-regulated in response to an increased level of lignocellulose recalcitrance and that CgSOD-1 localizes in the lumen of the fore- and midguts of C. gestroi together with termite main cellulase, CgEG-1-GH9. CgSOD-1 boosts the saccharification of polysaccharides by CgEG-1-GH9. We show that the boosting effect of CgSOD-1 involves an oxidative mechanism of action in which CgSOD-1 generates reactive oxygen species that subsequently cleave the polysaccharide. SOD-type enzymes constitute a new addition to the growing family of oxidases, ones which are up-regulated when exposed to recalcitrant polysaccharides, and that are used by Nature for biomass degradation.

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