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Cost-effective production process of scFv antibody fragments against Shiga toxin 2 via recombinant E. coli
(Elsevier) Guimarães, Marcela; Luz, Daniela; Augusto, Elisabeth de Fátima Pires; Vieira, Lucia; Costa, Maricilia Silva; Piazza, Roxane Maria Fontes; Pradella, José Geraldo da Cruz
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and its subgroup enterohemorrhagic E. coli are significant pathogens responsible for diarrhea, which can progress to hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the leading cause of acute renal failure in children. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective clinical man- agement, as antibiotic treatment is not recommended for STEC infections. The present study aimed to establish a cost-effective biotechnological platform for cultivating recombinant E. coli to produce scFv antibody fragments against Stx2 for diagnostic applications. The method was first evaluated through shake flask experiments and subsequently scaled up to bench-scale bioreactors operated in both batch and fed-batch modes using defined culture media. Optimal production conditions were achieved by inducing recombinant E. coli pLys at 18 ◦C for 18 h with 0.1 mM IPTG, resulting in a yield of 3.0 to 4.0 mg scFv/g cell biomass. A fed-batch, high-cell-density procedure with E. coli pLysS achieved a maximum production up to 150 mg scFv/L. A preliminary economic assessment demonstrated the production potential at a value of around $250/g scFv. Economic analysis also highlights that the relative cost of capital investment becomes important as production processes intensify. Therefore, technical parameters such as productivity (scFv mass/bioreactor volume * time) and scFv concentration (mass scFv mass/bioreactor volume) should be prioritized to maximize their values. Similarly, optimization of the recombinant E. coli microbial platform should be pursued to increase the Yp/x level.
A microbead-enhanced electrochemical platform for β-amyloid peptide (1–42) detection
(Frontiersin) Razzino, Claudia do Amaral; Sgobbi, Lívia Flório; Cancino-Bernardi, Juliana; Zapata, Angelica Maria Mazuera; Costa, Clara Cardoso; Zucolotto, Valtencir; Vieira, Lucia; Lobo, Anderson Oliveira
Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia and is primarily characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain, along with the degeneration of nerve cells, which leads to impairment of various cognitive functions. A significant biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease is the decreased level of soluble β-amyloid peptide (1–42) (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as pathology progresses when CSF-Aβ1-42 levels drop below 192 pg mL-1 . In this study, we developed an amperometric immunosensor based on magnetic beads as the platform for constructing the immunosensor. Monoclonal antibodies are immobilized on the MBs, enabling selective detection of Aβ1-42. The detection antibody is conjugated with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase, which, in the presence of H2O2 and hydroquinone, catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 and the oxidation of hydroquinone to p-quinone, generating an electric current measured at a potential of −200 mV (vs. the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) using screen-printed carbon electrodes. The amperometric sandwich-type immunosensor demonstrates a linear response in the concentration range of 10 to 10,000 pg mL-1 , with a detection limit of 7.4 pg mL-1 , exhibiting excellent selectivity against the assessed interferents. These findings suggest the potential application of this immunosensor in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, offering a sensitive and specific tool for clinical analysis. Despite its high performance, further studies are required to validate its robustness and applicability in complex clinical samples.
Tribocorrosion Susceptibility and Cell Viability Study of 316L Stainless Steel and Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy with and without DLC Coatings
(MDPI) Sene, Ana Claudia; Silva, Michely Glenda Pereira da; Macário, Paulo Fabrício; Vieira, Angela Aparecida; Leite, Priscila Maria Sarmeiro Correa Marciano; Silva, Newton Soares da; Marques, Francisco Das Chagas; Vieira, Lúcia
Stainless steel (SS316L) and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) exhibit suitable properties for biomed- ical applications; however, the tribocorrosion of these materials, which is associated with metallosis, is still a significant concern. This work investigates the effectiveness of DLC smoothing coatings applied to the metals to reduce tribocorrosion and improve cell viability. The study was motivated by many reports of metallosis caused by metal debris in the soft tissues of the body. DLC coatings were produced using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and cell viability of metallic samples with and without DLC coatings were analyzed, considering the chemical composition of the coating and metallic components. The results show that the DLC coatings presented suitable interaction properties and no cytotoxicity or genotoxicity when exposed to the cellular environment, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). They also demonstrated cell viability, low friction representing a reduction of 80%, and hardness 23–26 GPa, making them ideal for use on fixed implants. It is necessary to control the thickness and roughness of the coating to avoid pinholes and increase the corrosion protection of implants. These DLC coatings with low friction coefficients could facilitate the fixation of implantable pins and screws, including Kirschner wires.
Nano-Enabled Colorimetric Assay for the Detection of Paracoccidioides lutzii: Advancing Diagnostics with Nanotechnology
(MDPI) Comparato Filho, Olavo de Osti; Cândido, Marcela Aparecida; Ventura, Aveline; Morais, Flavia Villaça; Raniero, Leandro José
Deforestation is a common occurrence driven by agricultural expansion, urbanization, and infrastructure development. These activities often lead to increased human interaction with ecosys- tems, potentially exposing individuals to Paracoccidioides spores (P. brasiliensis and P. lutzii) found in the soil, resulting in Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). This fungal infection is endemic to specific regions in Latin America, such as Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Argentina. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical assessment, imaging techniques, and laboratory examinations. P. lutzii lacks the glycoprotein Gp43, a key antigenic protein utilized in serological tests for PCM diagnosis. In this study, a colorimetric test employing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and label-free methodology was employed for P. lutzii detection. The effectiveness of the label-free colorimetric test was assessed using a total of 100 samples. This detection was achieved through the amplification of the gp43 gene and the use of a specific probe (5′CAGGGGTGCG3′) in conjunction with AuNPs. The receiver operating characteristic curve was employed to assess the test, revealing that the method can accurately detect P. lutzii with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%. The findings indicate a substantial impact on remote endemic regions attributable to the implementation of cost-effective diagnostic methodologies.
Stepwise Nitric Oxide Release and Antibacterial Activity of a Nitric Oxide Photodonor Hosted within Cyclodextrin Branched Polymer Nanocarriers
(ACS Publications) Martins, Tassia Joi; Parisi, Cristina; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Brambilla, Isabelle de Paula Ribeiro; Malanga, Milo; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Sortino, Salvatore
A hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor integrating both nitroso and nitro functionalities within its chromophoric skeleton has been synthesized. Excitation of this compound with blue light triggers the release of two NO molecules from the nitroso and the nitro functionalities via a stepwise mechanism. Encapsulation of the NO photodonor within biocompatible neutral, cationic, and anionic β-cyclodextrin branched polymers as suitable carriers leads to supramolecular nanoassemblies, which exhibit the same nature of the photochemical processes but NO photorelease performances enhanced by about 1 order of magnitude when compared with the free guest. Antibacterial tests carried out with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrate an effective antibacterial activity exclusively under light activation and point out a differentiated role of the polymeric nanocarriers in determining the outcome of the antibacterial photodynamic action.
Simultaneous photoactivation of a fluoroquinolone antibiotic and nitric oxide with fluorescence reporting
(Royal Society of Chemistry) Martins, Tassia Joi; Parisi, Cristina; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Brambilla, Isabelle de Paula Ribeiro; Melilli, Barbara; Aleo, Danilo; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Sortino, Salvatore
The achievement of smart pharmaceuticals whose bioactivity can be spatiotemporally controlled by light stimuli is known as photopharmacology, an emerging area aimed at improving the therapeutic outcome and minimizing side effects. This is especially attractive for antibiotics, for which the inevitable development of multidrug resistance and the dwindling of new clinically approved drugs represent the main drawbacks. Here, we show that nitrosation of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin (NF), a broad- spectrum antibiotic, leads to the nitrosated bioconjugate NF–NO, which is inactive at the typical minimum inhibitory concentration of NF. Irradiation of NF–NO with visible blue light triggers the simul- taneous release of NF and nitric oxide (NO). The photouncaging process is accompanied by the revival of the typical fluorescence emission of NF, quenched in NF–NO, which acts as an optical reporter. This permits the real-time monitoring of the photouncaging process, even within bacteria cells where antibacterial activity is switched on exclusively upon light irradiation. The mechanism of photorelease seems to occur through a two-step hopping electron transfer mediated by the lowest triplet state of NF–NO and the phosphate buffer ions or aminoacids such as tyrosine. Considering the well-known role of NO as an ‘‘unconventional’’ antibacterial, the NF–NO conjugate may represent a potential bimodal antibacterial weapon activatable on demand with high spatio-temporal control.
Photodynamic treatment in glioma: Metabolic and structural evaluation after therapy
(Wiley) Teixeira, Marina Gabriela; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Almeida, Rainara Moreno Sanches de; Ferreira, Isabelle; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Gliomas are malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and one severe variant is called gliosarcoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that stands out in the oncology area for minimizing side effects for the patient, triggering cell death at the site of irradiation, and can be used concomitantly with conventional treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the interaction of chlorine e6 with the cytoskeleton and mitochondria, as well as morphological changes and the death mechanism trig- gered after PDT. Chlorin e6 was used at concentrations of 200, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/mL, and cytoskeletal changes were analyzed by alpha-tubulin staining and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis by JC-1 and Rhodamine 123 in flow cytom- etry. Surface features were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the type of cell death mechanism was determined by flow cytometry with annexin and propidium iodide. Changes in the cytoskeleton were observed after PDT. Cytometry showed that cell death occurred predominantly via the apoptosis pathway, followed by the necrosis pathway. Chlorin e6 associated with PDT causes damage to gliosar- coma cells, regardless of concentration, showing cytoskeletal disruption, a decrease in MMP, and the percentage of cell death varies according to the concentration of PS.
Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of cutaneous habronemosis in a horse: Case report
(Elsevier) Ferreira, Isabelle; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Oliveira, Eloíse Gwyneth Lopes; Azevedo, Maria Clara Barbosa Silva de; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Habronema muscae is a parasitic nematode that causes habronemiasis in horses, leading to chronic skin lesions. The parasite is transmitted via flies, and larvae deposited in wounds result in difficult-to-heal “summer sores”. This case study involved treating a 9-year-old gelding male horse with recurrent habronemiasis using photo- dynamic therapy (PDT) concurrent with conventional treatments. The horse presented with ulcerated, exudative wounds on its limbs and face, unresponsive to traditional treatments. PDT was applied over six months, using methylene blue (MB) as a photosensitizer, combined with LED irradiation. Additionally, an ivermectin-based ointment and other healing agents were used. The results showed a reduction in lesion size after two months, complete healing of the thoracic wounds by month four, and facial wound healing after six months. In this case, PDT was an effective adjunct treatment for managing habronemiasis.
N-Doped Carbon Dot-Based Nanoconjugates with Simultaneous Generation of Nitric Oxide and Singlet Oxygen for Phototherapeutic Applications
(ACS Publications) Laneri, Francesca; Parisi, Cristina; Andrigo, Vittoria; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Natile, Marta Maria; Sortino, Salvatore
Nitric oxide (NO) and singlet oxygen (O2) represent two of the most intriguing agents for unconventional phototherapeutic applications in cancer. In this contribution, N-doped carbon dots (NCDs) with strong absorption in the biocompatible green region have been synthesized and covalently decorated with an otherwise blue-light-activatable NO photodonor (NOPD), leading to a nanoconjugate ca. 3.5 nm in diameter. The NCD core of the nanoconstruct acts as a green light antenna, permitting the release of NO from the NOPD by an intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, with an improvement of more than 100 nm in the excitation wavelength. Simultaneously, green light excitation generates O2 by collisional energy transfer with molecular oxygen. Due to its emissive properties, the nanoconjugate can be visualized in 9L/LacZ brain cancer cells, where it localizes mainly in the cytoplasm. Amplified mortality of cancer cells is observed upon green light irradiation due to the mutual photodynamic action of NO and O2.
Synthesis and Characterization of Stealth Liposomes for Acmella oleracea L. Encapsulation
(Wiley) Melo, Josué David Gimenez de; Tosato, Maira Gaspar; Slapnik, Ana Maria do Espírito Santo; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Raniero, Leandro José
Liposomes have been proven to be an excellent tool for drug delivery and cosmetic use, minimizing side effects, for example, allergic reactions, making them more precise and effective in delivering active ingredients. This study aims to develop and investigate the composition of the liposome and the possible interactions between its constituents: lipoid S75, cholesterol, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Formulations and laboratory analyses were conducted to characterize and maximize the mechanical strength and stability of the liposomes, also assessing the viability of encapsulating medicinal herbs. The thin-film hydration method was used in the formulation of the liposomes. For characterization, instrumental analysis techniques such as mid infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and chemometrics for data optimization were employed. The results show spherical particles at the nanometric scale and good integration between cholesterol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and the lipid matrix, providing greater stability and strength to the liposomal matrix. Therefore, the formulations developed in this study demonstrated reliability in the control of components as well as the encapsulation of the medicinal herb jambu, enabling the potential for new developments in pharmaceuticals for future therapeutic and cosmetic applications.
Incorporation of calcium aluminate and zirconia in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement for biomedical applications: study of in vitro osteogenesis
(Universidade Estadual Paulista) Lupp, Juliana Dos Santos; Silva, Luis Augusto de Almeida; Ramos, Nathalia de Souza; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Oliveira, Felipe Eduardo de; Avelino, Sarah de Oliveira Marco; Gonçalves, Isabela dos Santos; Vaconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de
Objective: To evaluate the effects of incorporating calcium aluminate cement (CAC) and monoclinic zirconia (Z) into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement on in vitro osteogenesis. Material and Methods: Samples of pure PMMA, PMMA+CAC 7.5% (wt%) and PMMA+Z 7.5% (wt%) were prepared. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and wettability analysis. For biological assessment, mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wistar rat femurs were cultured on the samples. Cellular response was analyzed by cell viability assay, protein synthesis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression by ELISA, and mineralized nodule formation. Results: All groups exhibited cell viability greater than 70% (p>0.05). ALP activity and protein synthesis showed no significant differences (p>0.05). TNF-α expression was significantly higher in the control group (41.25 ± 17.00 pg/mL) compared with PMMA (22.97 ± 7.08; p<0.01), PMMA+Z (25.76 ± 13.08; p<0.05), and PMMA+CAC (28.99 ± 14.71; p<0.05), suggesting inflammatory modulation. All groups presented mineralized nodules. In the wettability analysis, a numerical reduction in the contact angle was observed for PMMA+Z compared with pure PMMA, but without statistical significance (p>0.05). Conclusion: The addition of CAC and Z to PMMA resulted in more homogeneous surfaces, a trend toward increased wettability, and reduced TNF-α expression, without impairing cell viability or osteogenic potential, highlighting the promising potential of these formulations for bone regeneration.
Effects of blood and root-dentin cleaning on the porosity and bond strength of a collagen bioceramic material
(Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto) Saltareli, Fernanda Mara; Raucci, Larissa Moreira Spinola de Castro; Miranda, Carlos Eduardo Saraiva; Silva, Nathalia Cristina Tavella; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Raucci Neto, Walter
To assess the effect of cleaning protocols on dentin contaminated with blood in reparative endodontic materials, bovine root samples were divided: no contamination (N); contamination (P); contamination and cleaning with saline (S), 2.5% NaOCl+saline (Na) or 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA+saline (NaE) and filled with: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), calcium-aluminate-cement (C), or C+collagen (Ccol) (n=13). The samples were evaluated for porosity, chemical composition, and bond strength. MTA porosity was lower than C (p=0.02) and higher than Ccol (p<0.001). P and NaE were similar (p=1.00), but higher than the other groups (p<0.001). MTA bond strength was similar to Ccol (p=0.777) and lower than C (p=0.028). P presented lower bond strength than the N (p<0.001); S and Na were similar to each other (p=0.969), but higher than P and lower than N (p<0.001). It was observed a predominance of mixed and cohesive failures. None of the samples showed Ca/P ratio values similar to human hydroxyapatite. This study showed that contamination with blood increased the materials porosity, but dentin cleaning with 2.5% NaOCl reduced this effect, and the collagen additive reduced the material porosity. Furthermore, blood contamination reduced the materials bond strength, and cleaning with saline or 2.5% NaOCl diminished this effect.
Calcium aluminate cement blended to bioactive glass and strontium: in vitro and in vivo evaluation studies
(Springer Nature) Gonçalves, Isabela dos Santos; Donda, Giovanni Moreira; Oliveira Filho, Hugo Gutemberg Patino de; Fernandes, Marina Santos; Barbosa, Ana Maria; Raniero, Leandro José; Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de
Homogeneous calcium aluminate cement–based (CH) materials hold potential as biomaterials, while bioactive glass (BG-58S) is a promising bone regeneration material with excellent bioactivity. Strontium, known for stimulating bone tissue regeneration, was incorporated into CH-BG-58S blends to enhance bioactivity, osteogenesis, and bone tissue repair. Methods Blends with only BG-58S were evaluated for viscosity, injectability, and workability. In vitro tests were performed using MG63 cells and in vivo tests utilized blends CH-7.5BG-58S and CH-7.5BG-58S/Sr to fill monocortical critical bone defects. Bactericidal capacity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was also evaluated. The addition of BG to CH increased viscosity, decreased injectability, and improved workability. Results All blends were non-cytotoxic, and CH-7.5BG-58S and CH-10BG-58S blends exhibited bactericidal capacity against E. coli. Osteogenic activity, confirmed by mineralization nodule formation, was observed in all blends. Histomorphometric and histological analyses revealed bone neoformation, with emphasis on SrO-containing groups, but without statistical significance among groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion This research highlights the potential of CH-BG-58S blends, particularly those with strontium, as bioactive materials for bone tissue engineering.
A new approach in bone tissue regeneration: in vivo study of the impact of calcium aluminate cement scaffolds incorporated with mesenchymal cells
(Universidade Estadual Paulista) Bronze, Carla da Silveira e Oliveira; Grisante, Letícia Adrielly Dias; Araújo, Juliani Caroline Ribeiro de; Guardia, Rafaella Souza; Vicuna, Iranel de las Nievez González; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of CAC-based scaffolds, with or without mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in bone defects created in rat femurs. Material and Methods: Forty-eight CAC scaffolds and their blends of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), zinc oxide (ZNO), and zirconia (ZIRC) were produced, with half of these incorporated with MSC. Twenty-three Wistar rats were used, with 3 for MSC isolation and 20 for creating bone defects in both femurs. Five animals were assigned to each group, and during the defect surgery and material insertion, the animals received MSC-incorporated scaffolds on the left side and non-incorporated scaffolds on the right side, with the same type of material used in each animal to avoid different systemic effects (n=5); they were euthanized 21 days after the surgical procedure. Results: In the scanning electron microscopy analysis of the scaffolds, structures with open and interconnected pores, as well as cell adhesion, were observed in all groups. In the histological analysis, all groups showed newly formed bone trabeculae interspersed with bone marrow cells and connective tissue. Conclusion: In the histomorphometry, for the scaffolds not incorporated with MSC, the ZIRC group showed greater bone formation, and in the MSC- incorporated scaffolds, the TCP group demonstrated better results, both exhibiting a statistically significant difference from the other groups (p<0.05).
Robotic rehabilitation in clinical complications after breast cancer: exoskeleton of upper limbs
(Universidade de São Paulo) Mendes, Izabela dos Santos; Oliveira, Fabio Henrique Monteiro; Souza, Gabriela Aparecida de; Sene, Thaisa Prado; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva; Andrade, Adriano de Oliveira; Lima, Mario Oliveira
Background: Breast cancer promotes several physical and functional changes. Innovative tech- niques of physiotherapeutic treatment, such as robotic rehabilitation may contribute to the pre- vention or treatment of these complications. Here we aim to evaluate the effects of robotic re- habilitation on clinical complications secondary to breast cancer. Methods: This is a longitudinal clinical study consisting of 26 subjects divided into the following groups: 13 patients (women after breast cancer - G1, Robotic Rehabilitation Group) and 13 healthy women who did not undergo surgery due to breast cancer and constituted the GC (Control Group) to obtain data from elec- tromyography and dynamometry. Ten consecutive therapeutic sessions were performed. The fol- lowing parameters were evaluated in three sessions (session 1 - S1, session 5 - S5 and session 10 - S10): scapular and manual force, myoelectric activity, pain, range of motion, lymphedema and quality of life. Results: Pain threshold attenuation was obtained by comparing S5 with S10 (p = 0.002) and at the end of treatment (p = 0.01); lymphedema reduction after 10 sessions (p = 0.04); increase of abduction ROM when comparing S1 with S10 (p = 0.05); flexion (p = 0.002) in S1 in relation to S10 and shoulder extension (p = 0.05) in S5. Regarding the electromyographic analysis, there were increases in scapular and manual force of the GC versus G1, and changes in variables estimated from the collected signals, especially the increase in signal amplitude for the MAV, PEAK and RMS characteristics of the brachial biceps muscles, anterior and middle del- toid when comparing S1 versus S10. Before the evaluation using the dynamometer, the healthy women presented increase of scapular and manual force in relation to the volunteers after breast cancer. Conclusion: The use of robotic therapy was significantly efficient for pain attenuation, lymphedema, increase range of motion, increased recruitment of muscle fibers and improvement of muscle synergism, which contributed to the improvement of the quality of life.
Protótipo de almofada para prevenção de lesão por pressão
(Sociedade Brasileira de Enfermagem em Feridas e Estética) Rocha, Francisca Cecília Viana; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva; Mendes, Alessandro Corrêa; Lima, Mário Oliveira
Introdução: A Lesão por Pressão é considerada um evento adverso de ocorrência mais frequente em pacientes hospitalizados em todo o mundo, com prevalência global de 12,8%. Objetivo: Descrever o desenvolvimento e a validação clínica de um protótipo de almofada com sensores para aferir a pressão de interface e temperatura em áreas de risco para o desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão. Método: Trata-se de um estudo experimental dividido em três etapas: desenvolvimento do programa, criação e validação clínica do protótipo. O programa utilizado foi o Arduino e a validação clínica foi realizada em 2 participantes. Resultados: O desenvolvimento e a criação ocorreram em um laboratório de engenharia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada. A validação clínica foi realizada em um hospital público no nordeste do Brasil. Antes de testar o protótipo, foi realizada calibragem do equipamento. No participante saudável, a pressão de interface máxima foi registrada na região occipital, porém a média de pressão de interface foi maior na região sacral. A temperatura corporal média de maior valor foi identificada na região sacral, sendo 34,92oC. No participante internado a pressão de interface máxima foi registrada na região do calcâneo esquerdo. A temperatura corporal média de ambos teve o valor máximo detectado na região sacral, sendo 35,31oC. Conclusão: O protótipo forneceu medidas objetivas que podem atuar como substitutos para orientar o alívio da pressão, promover circulação de ar reduzindo a temperatura e, assim, prevenir Lesão por Pressão de forma individualizada a cada paciente.
Therapeutic Potential of Photobiomodulation in Early Recovery After Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Rats: Histological and Biomechanical Analysis
(Wiley) Correia, Débora Campos Chaves; Lima, Leonardo Borges de; Lima, Mário Oliveira; Beloni, Luís Filipe Karatanasov; Hage, Raduan; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe functional deficits, underscoring the critical need for new therapies. This study evaluated the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) as an early, noninvasive treatment for induced SCI, using specific parameters (808 nm, 72J/cm2, 100mW). A total of 15 rats were divided into Control (C), SCI, and PBM groups. Efficacy was determined by an inte- grated approach, correlating ground reaction force (GRF) with quantitative histological assessment. The PBM group showed a significant reduction of secondary damage (33.3 ± 5.5 vs. 53.9 ± 7.0 in the SCI group; p = 0.0002) and preserved neural structure. This tissue preservation aligns with the GRF analysis, which demonstrated that the PBM group recovered gait patterns similar to the Control group. In conclusion, PBM effectively mitigates necrosis aerea, maintaining tissue integrity, improving functional recovery, and reinforcing the PBM's therapeutic potential as a promising translatable strategy for outcomes after SCI. Further research should include immunostaining of cells and larger samples.
Photobiomodulation and amniotic membrane for treat tendon injury in rats
(Academia Brasileira de Ciências) Nicodemo, Mariana de Castro; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros; Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão Lopes
Tendons, complex fibrous structures, are subjected to great tensions, which can give rise to the so-called tendinopathies. This study aimed to evaluate photobiomodulation and human Amniotic Membrane applied as single or combined therapies to treat induced Achilles tendon lesions. Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups (n=15): C- control Sham surgery; I- tendon injury; LA- tendon injury treated with photobiomodulation; AM- tendon injury treated with Amniotic Membrane; LAM- tendon injury + photobiomodulation and Amniotic Membrane, subdivided into three groups (n=5) with analysis at 3, 7, and 14 days. The tendon injuries were made with a 20 g weight released from a mini guillotine onto the ankle in dorsiflexion. AM and LAM groups received an Amniotic Membrane fragment while LA and LAM groups received transcutaneous photobiomodulation, using a 660 nm wavelength laser. The inflammatory cells showed statistical differences between groups C and I (p<0.05), I and AM (p<0.01), I and LA (p<0.05), and I and LAM (p<0.01). Both photobiomodulation and Amniotic Membrane were shown to enhance tendon repair, and the association of photobiomodulation plus Amniotic Membrane was the most effective treatment. We conclude that the association of photobiomodulation plus Amniotic Membrane was effective in accelerating and improving the tendon regeneration process.
Histological analysis of Spinal Cord Injury treated with Amniotic Membrane
(Universidade de São Paulo) Correia, Débora Campos Chaves; Lima, Leonardo Borges de; Sant'Anna, Luciana Barros; Lima, Mario Oliveira; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most harmful syndromes that affects humans due to neuronal destruction and interruption of the nerve impulse transmission between axons. The conduction of motor, sensory, and autonomic responses below the level of the injury is seriously compromised, generating high treatment costs for the health system and a reduction in quality of life, stimulating research into new treatment protocols. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biomaterial, the amniotic membrane (AM), to treat experimentally induced SCI. 15 adult rats were divided into three groups (n = 5): S (Sham), L (SCI without treatment), and AM (SCI treated with AM). Spinal cord injury was induced in the region T9-T10 by direct trauma, free-falling a weight (10 g, 2 mm flat edge) held on a mini guillotine, 25 mm above the exposed spinal cord. A fragment of AM, obtained from the human placenta after maternal consent, was applied to the injured area only in the AM group. After 28 days, specimens from the area of spinal cord injury were excised and subjected to routine histological procedures. Data from the semi-quantitative score, obtained from a scheme that assigned different scores to regions of the spinal cord, and from the quantitative analysis were subjected to parametric statistical analysis. Results showed that Group S presented medullary tissue without changes (score 0). In contrast, Group L presented numerous areas of cavitation in the dorsal and lateral regions of the white and gray matter (9.61 ± 6.60 p<0.001) with an intense inflammatory infiltrate. The AM group exhibited small areas of cavitation in the dorsal and lateral regions of the white matter and part of the dorsal columns in the gray matter (0.94 ± 1,03, p<0.001), with few inflammatory cells. The results suggest the effectiveness of AM in the treatment of induced SCI, characterized by a reduction in the evolution of inflammatory and degenerative processes in the central nervous tissue compared to the untreated group.
Bioabsorbable Poly(vinyl alcohol)–Citric Acid Dressings: Wound Healing Studies in an Experimental In Vivo Model
(MDPI) Pereira, Jonalba Mendes; Arisawa, Emilia Angela Lo Schiavo; Maia Filho, Antônio Luiz Martins; Silva, José Figueredo; Alves, Nicoly; Silveira, Carolina Hahn da; Vieira, Lucia
Background: The wound healing process presents notable challenges for nurs- ing teams, requiring extensive knowledge of wound care materials. A nanoparticle-free, bioabsorbable pol-yvinyl alcohol (PVA) with citric acid (CA) dressing produced by simple electrospin-ning was evaluated to treat acute wound healing in rats. This PVA-CA combi- nation promotes crosslinking, increases the dressing capacity of absorption and confers heal-ing properties due to the citric acid antioxidant action. Methods: The dressing was tested in a quantitative experiment on 1.9 cm acute dermatological lesions in rats (n = 12), com-paring the PVA-CA-treated group with the untreated control group (CG). Samples were collected at 3, 7 and 14 days after lesion induction to evaluate the inflammatory process and tissue healing. Results: The macroscopic and histological data on the third day showed similar characteristics in both groups; however, after fourteen days, the PVA- CA group exhibited complete healing, accompanied by recomposition of the skin layers, whereas the wounds in the CG did not close completely. Conclusions: The results highlight that electrospun PVA-AC dressings improve healing outcomes and constitute a prom-ising and affordable solution, providing a suitable environment for tissue repair, re-ducing in- flammatory cell infiltration, blood vessel formation, and restoration of epi-thelial tissue, reducing the time of the healing process of acute wounds.

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