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A Brazilian multicenter pilot case series on the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy for COVID-19-related taste dysfunction
(Elsevier B.V.) Campos, Luana; Soares, Luı́s Eduardo Silva; Berlingieri, Giuseppina; Ramires, Marcia Christina Camargo Hernandes; Guirado, Milena Miranda Goulart; Lyra, Luciana Aparecida de Oliveira P.; Teixeira, Inessa Solek; Oliveira, Patrícia Costa de; Palma, Luiz Felipe; Álvares, Cristina Maria Arvate
Among the most common symptoms of COVID-19 is taste dysfunction, which has a ranging clinical presentation. As well as its pathophysiology remains to be unclear, there is not enough information about the efficacy and safety of the available treatments. This study aims to report a series of cases using PBMT for the management of COVID-19-related taste impairment. 8 female and 2 male patients sought medical help for taste impairment (either partially or completely) after COVID-19 infection. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the tongue mucosa was then proposed but with 3 different protocols. Taste perception at baseline and before every laser session was evaluated using a visual analog scale. Irrespective of the PBMT protocol, taste recovery was noted in all cases but with varying degrees of improvement. given the high prevalence rates of taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and the lack of information about the available treatments, PBMT seems to be a promising therapeutic modality but not dependent on the total number of laser sessions and the interval between them. The choice of the most suitable laser protocol as well as the knowledge of the exact photonic mechanisms, however, need to be better studied.
A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation on Skeletal Muscle Fatigue in Spastic Patients
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation) Stamborowski, Sadi Fernando; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva; Leonardo, Patrícia Sardinha; Lima, Mário Oliveira
Peripheral muscle fatigue is a common experience in daily life. Every individual at some point in their life has realized the inability to maintain muscle contraction, a phenomenon known as fatigue. Interestingly, neurological patients with peripheral sequelae such as spastic muscle contraction are able to remain in a pattern of muscle contraction for prolonged periods. The effects of laser therapy are already recognized in muscle contraction to delay skeletal muscle fatigue, prolong physical activity, and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness. However, the effects of photobiomodulation on neurological patients with muscular spasticity are still not well established. The present literature review seeks to recognize articles about the application of laser irradiation, also known as photobiomodulation, to patients with muscle fatigue and/or spastic palsy. To perform a literature review, we used the systematic review methodology for the literature search. The following keywords were searched: (skeletal muscle fatigue) AND (spastic patients) AND (low-level laser therapy OR low intensity laser therapy OR low energy laser therapy OR LLLT OR LILT OR LELT OR infrared laser OR IR laser OR diode laser), and these were used for search on the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, BIREME, Scopus, and SciELO. Besides that, a literature review concerning on muscle physiology, fatigue, and LLLT was made. No language filter was applied, and altogether, 689 papers were identified. A group of 3 physiotherapists and 01 pharmaceutical scientist performed the literature review, and every exclusion was confirmed by at least two reviewers. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 128 studies were included in this review. Conclusion, the LLLT can contribute to the recovery of spastic patients and muscles in fatigue. However, the real effect of laser photobiomodulation on muscle spasticity remains to be established. Only a much reduced number of clinical trials have been performed with a small number of participants. There is a lack of clinical trials from different research groups that could help to understand and elucidate the effects of laser in prolonged muscle contraction in spastic palsy.
Ação de extrato de folhas de Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen em co-cultivo de Staphylococcus aureus e L929 (fibroblastos) simulando processo de celulite infecciosa
(CDRR Editors) Silva, Laís Eduarda; Silva, Carlos Augusto Priante da; Pacheco-Soares, Cristina; Silva, Newton Soares da
Introdução: A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus é o agente etiológico de maior incidência nas infecções de pele, dentre elas a celulite infecciosa. Seu tratamento é contido por antibióticos, porém o uso de plantas medicinais vem sendo utilizadas para tratamento. Acmella oleracea é uma planta da família Asteraceae conhecida como jambu. Objetivos: Avaliar a ação do extrato das folhas de Acmella oleracea em co-cultivo da linhagem celular L929 e bactérias Staphylococcus aureus simulando o processo de celulite infecciosa. Metodologia: Foi realizado primeiramente o teste MTT e Cristal Violeta na linhagem celular L929 incubadas com o extrato do jambu, nas concentrações 500 µg/mL, 1000 µg/mL e 2000 µg/mL. Foi realizado ensaios com Staphylococcus aureus incubado no período de 24 horas com o extrato do jambu nas mesmas concentrações. Resultados: Na avaliação das células L929 no teste MTT houve uma significância na concentração de 1000 µg/mL apresentando uma baixa atividade metabólica em relação as outras concentrações. No teste cristal violeta ocorreu um maior estímulo nas demais concentrações quando comparado ao controle. Na viabilidade da bactéria observou-se uma queda significativa da viabilidade quando comparado ao controle. A concentração de 500 ug/mL foi que apresentou um menor índice de UFC. Ao realizar o teste do co-cultivo L929 - S. aureus após a incubação de 24 horas com diferentes concentrações do extrato, foi possível avaliar que a ação do extrato apresentou uma redução significativa na viabilidade bacteriana e não interferência à viabilidade das células L929. Conclusão: Com estes resultados demonstramos que o extrato de Acmella oleracea apresentou uma atividade antimicrobiana sem interferir na linhagem de fibroblastos L929, sendo assim podendo ser utilizada contra a celulite infecciosa.
Action of Photodynamic Therapy at Low Fluence in 9 L/lacZ Cells after Interaction with Chlorins
(MDPI) Vitorio, Gabrielle dos Santos; Godoi, Bruno Henrique; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira, Isabelle; Pacheco Soares, Cristina; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Gliosarcoma (GS) is a primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, treated with an unfavorable prognosis with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The treatment for GS consists of surgical resection, almost always accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, given the invasive behavior of the tumor. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is studied as an alternative method that combines light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen. This study aimed to compare the effects of PDT using the photosensitizers Fotoenticine (FTC) and Photodithazine (PDZ) at low concentrations and fluences. For this study, 9 L/lacZ cells, concentrations of 1.55 µg mL−1 , 12.5 µg mL−1 , and 50 µg mL−1 of chlorins and fluences of 1, 5, and 10 J/cm2 were used. A test was also carried out with Trypan Blue in L929 cells at the mentioned concentrations at 5 J/cm2 . Both chlorins were internalized in the cytoplasm, with a significant reduction in viability (>95%) in almost all groups and altered cell adhesion and morphology after PDT. HSP70 expression decreased in both PS, while HSP27 increased only in PDT with FTC, and although there was a change in cell adhesion in the 9 L/LacZ lineage it was not observed in the L929 fibroblast lineage. Both chlorins were effective, highlighting the concentration of 50 µg mL−1 at the fluence of 5 J/cm2 ; according to the present study, the PDZ showed better results.
Adverse effects of topical photodynamic therapy in rosacea: Case report
(Elsevier) Sebbe-Santos, Priscilla Fróes; Miquilini, Patrícia; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Menezes, Priscila Fernanda Campos de; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Rosacea is a chronic and inflammatory skin condition, with relapses being a common characteristic. Its treatments are based on cosmetics, drugs, and the application of procedures based on high-powered light. Photodynamic Cosmetic Therapy (PCT) combines light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen present in tissues, generating photochemical reactions capable of causing tissue and vascular destruction, stimulating tissue repair. We report a case with an adverse effect caused by applying PCT, using 2 % 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA 2 %), and irradiated with amber LED light associated with infrared radiation for the control of rosacea. A patient with subtype II rosacea underwent PCT treatment of 3 sessions at 21-day intervals, being evaluated using photographic images and Wood’s lamp. In the first session of the therapy, an exacerbated inflammatory process was observed. Such an adverse event is estimated to be as a result of the patient using ointment containing corticosteroids for a short period. With the use of medications, it was possible to recover the appearance of the skin thoroughly, and after 21 days, the treatment sessions were performed again. Despite the complication that affected the patient in this study, positive effects were found after the pharmacological therapeutic measures were adopted.
Amniotic membrane applied to burns healing: Pre-clinical study
(CDRR Editors) Amorim, Fernanda Cláudia Miranda; Arisawa, Emilia Ângela Loschiavo; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros; Fonseca, Khetyma Moreira; Costa, Davidson Ribeiro; Rodrigues, Ana Beatriz Mendes; Carvalho, Jancineide Oliveira de
This preclinical study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair process of burns treated with human amniotic membrane (hAM) patches in rats. Twenty-four rats were subjected to superficial burns of partial thickness, and randomly allocated into two groups: Control and Treated Group, subdivided into two experimental periods of 7th and 14th days. The lesions were evaluated by digitalized images (macroscopy) and by the analysis of histological sections stained in H&E to quantify the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts present in the different experimental times (histomorphometry). The histomorphometric analyses were performed blindly. Statistical analysis employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney tests, with 95% confidence interval at 5% significance level (p <0.05). Macroscopically, the lesions of Treated group presented a crust formation before Control Group, and there were no signs of infection in both groups. Microscopically, the qualitative analysis showed a faster evolution in the healing process of the Treated groups compared to the Control, with reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, intense fibroblasts proliferation and better organization of the collagen fibers. The quantitative analysis showed statistically significant results regarding the reduction of inflammatory cells (p<0.0001) at 7th and 14 th day and increased proliferation of fibroblasts at 14th day (p<0.0001) in lesions treated with hAM compared to Control group. The results of this preclinical study demonstrated that the application of hAM patches reduces the inflammatory process and accelerates the onset of the proliferative phase in burn injuries.
Análise das alterações de biomoléculas causadas pela exposição ao fármaco diclofenaco sódico em peixes da espécie Brycon Opalinusutilizando a espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR)
(CDRR Editors) Banhara, Vanessa Fernandez; Mello, Andriele Maisa de Oliveira; Lyra, Lucas Ferreira; Aquino-Silva, Maria Regina de; Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi
O aumento no consumo de medicamentos em todo mundo tem gerado vários estudos sobre os impactos causados pelo descarte inadequado de resíduos que contenham os princípios ativos dos medicamentos no meio ambiente. Após serem ingeridos, estes medicamentos são excretados na forma de outros compostos no esgoto doméstico, que vários ainda são persistentes no ambiente e geram alterações fisiológicas em organismos aquáticos. Devido ao crescimento populacional e o consumo excessivo, o anti-inflamatório conhecido como diclofenaco sódico, está entre os principais medicamentos encontrados nas águas superficiais brasileiras, em concentrações na faixa de micrograma por litro (µg.L-1 ). Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as alterações biomoleculares que o diclofenaco pode gerar em peixes da espécie Brycon opalinus, utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) acoplada aos métodos quimiométricos, a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento hierárquico (HCA). Foram estudadas duas diferentes concentrações de diclofenaco mais o controle. O órgão selecionado para ser estudado foram as brânquias. Os resultados de PCA e HCA mostraram a discriminação entre os espectros de controle e tratados. A análise quantitativa através do cálculo das áreas das bandas de lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos mostrou alterações nestas biomoléculas, sendo que proteínas e carboidratos são mais sensíveis a exposição ao diclofenaco. Os resultados de deconvolução e ajuste de curvas mostraram a diminuição de estrutura desordenada e aumento de β folha da estrutura secundária de proteína para a exposição de 4,4 µg.L-1 de diclofenaco.
Análise do comportamento eletromiográfico e da força durante a fadiga do musculo bíceps braquial
(Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Souza, Gabriela Aparecida da Silveira; Macedo, Humberto Gimenes; Klausner, Virginia; Cezarini, Marina Vedelago; Lemos, Sergio Luiz; Nascimento Filho, Alexandre Alves do; Corrêa, Marina; Spinelli, Bruna Moreira de Oliveira; Barbaroto, Douglas; Pinto, Ana Paula; Lima, Mario; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva
A fadiga muscular é definida como a incapacidade de manter a contração muscular e é ocasionada por alterações bioquímicas que modificam a mecânica da contração muscular, resultando em redução da performance atlética. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento mioelétrico e a força de indivíduos hígidos durante a fadiga do músculo bíceps braquial. O estudo foi composto por 13 voluntários do sexo masculino com idade entre 20 e 30 anos (25±3,7). Para a indução da fadiga muscular foram realizadas três Contrações Isométricas Voluntárias Máximas (CIVM) com duração de 50 segundos e intervalo de 50 segundos, utilizando um dinamômetro computadorizado acoplado ao eletromiógrafo de superfície. Durante a CIVM foi avaliado o sinal eletromiográfico e a força. Foi possível observar nos resultados uma queda da força muscular e dos parâmetros avaliados por meio da eletromiografia durante a fadiga muscular. A partir da regressão linear dos dados obtidos por meio da eletromiografia e dinamometria foi possível obter o coeficiente angular da reta para cada teste (Teste 1, Teste 2 e Teste 3), nota-se que houve queda de todos os parâmetros avaliados por meio da eletromiografia de superfície e da força muscular, entretanto não houve diferença estatística entre os testes, demonstrando similaridade do comportamento do sinal entre os testes. Conclui-se, portanto, que os parâmetros eletromiográficos analisados (frequência média, frequência mediana e RMS) e a força apresentam um decréscimo durante a fadiga muscular induzida por meio da CIVM.
Análise dos sinais vitais e do desempenho cardiorrespiratório de pessoas com disfunções neurológicas após realização de um protocolo de reabilitação
(CDRR Editors) Lopes, Taciana; Pinto, Ana Paula; Lemos, Sérgio Luiz; Carolina Lobo Guimarães; Abreu, Élida Goulart de; Machado, Douglas Vinicius de Souza; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Lima, Mário de Oliveira; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os sinais vitais e o desempenho cardiorrespiratório (velocidade média durante o treino aeróbico) de pessoas com disfunções neurológicas após realização de um protocolo de reabilitação. Participaram 14 voluntários de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 a 85 anos. Ao longo do protocolo foram coletados os sinais vitais durante o repouso inicial; esforço e recuperação. Foram avaliados parâmetros como: pressão arterial (PA), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), frequência cardíaca (FC), escala de percepção subjetiva de esforço (BORG) e velocidade média da marcha em um programa de reabilitação cardiorrespiratória durante 12 semanas, totalizando 24 sessões, sendo que cada sessão teve duração de 1 hora. Verificou-se que a frequência cardíaca de recuperação pós exercício reduziu em relação aos esforços, mas não retornou aos valores basais com diferença estatística. Por sua vez, a frequência cardíaca inicial durante o repouso ao longo do tratamento, apresentou diminuição significativa (p<0,05). O desempenho cardiorrespiratório se comportou em fases (fase inicial, intermediária, final), sendo que o resultado mais satisfatório ocorreu na fase final, a partir da 14ª sessão. A FC durante o esforço apresentou um aumento significativo de 6%. Assim, foi possível constatar que após a reabilitação cardiorrespiratória, a FCi diminuiu, ocorreu melhora do desempenho sem grandes variações de FC, PA e SpO2 durante o esforço, demonstrando que o tratamento foi benéfico e seguro para os voluntários com lesão do sistema nervoso central.
Analysis of Movements in Spinal Cord Hemisection Treatment with Amniotic Membrane – Preclinical Study
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc.) Neves, Marcele Florêncio das; Fonseca, Joyce Lilian Reis da; Carvalho, Paula Cristina Simões de; Pereira, Aline Priscila Campos; Polisel, Evandro Henrique Pintor; Proglhof, Stephanie de Medeiros Passos; Sant ́Anna, Luciana Barros; Lima, Mário Oliveira; Arisawa, Emília Ângela Lo Schiavo
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Amniotic Membrane application in rats with Spinal Cord Injury induced by transverse hemisection using kinematic analysis and Sciatic Functional Index. Study design: True experimental research design. Place and Duration of Study: Instiuto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D) of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), between September 2016 and December 2017. Methodology: Fifteen adult male rats were used, allocated into three equal groups: Control (the spinal cord injury and Amniotic Membrane application were simulated), Lesion (spinal cord injury not treated), Amniotic membrane (spinal cord injury treated by amniotic membrane). All animals underwent surgical procedures. A transverse hemisection was performed in groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrene. A fragment of the biomaterial was applied in group AM covering the hemisection area. Results: Sciatic Functional Index and motion analysis were performed by comparing images taken at pre- and postoperative time at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The kinematic analysis showed a significant difference between groups Control and Lesion at 7 days (p = 0.023) and 14 days (p = 0.015), and between groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane at 14 days (p = 0.039), comparing the postoperative periods. The Sciatic Functional Index revealed significant differences between Groups Control and Lesion at 7 (p = -0.002), 14 (p = 0.003), and 21 days (p = 0.009), between Groups Control and Amniotic Membrane at 7 (p = 0.014), 14 (p = 0.007), and 28 days (p = 0; 013), and between Groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane only at 14 days (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Application of amniotic membrane in spinal cord hemisection in rats induced gait recovery and improvement in SFI compared to the untreated group.
Analysis of the effects of Photodynamic therapy with Photodithazine on the treatment of 9l/lacZ cells, in vitro study
(Elsevier) Vitorio, Gabrielle dos Santos; Almeida, Rainara Moreno Sanches de; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Fontana, Letícia Corrêa; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Gliosarcoma is an aggressive brain tumor. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a treatment that can be used for various cancers of the CNS. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of PDT with Photodithazine (PDZ) in the treatment of gliosarcoma, using 9 L/lacZ cells and serial concentrations of 200 μg/mL to 3.1 μg/mL of PDZ. The samples were divided into two groups: dark and light (10 J/cm2). The PDZ was internalized along all the cytoplasmic extension. Viability tests demonstrated a reduction in viable cells after PDT. The production of ROS was concentration-dependent and PDZ was found in mitochondria and lysosomes, presenting a discrete connection with α-tubulin. However, this structure is likely damaged, evidenced by changes in the morphological analysis. Thus, according to the parameters of this study, PDZ proved to be an interesting PS in PDT for the treatment of gliosarcoma, with the inherent limitations of an in vitro study.
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles functionalized with amikacin applied against multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii
(Elsevier) Camargo, Larissa de Oliveira; Fontoura, Inglid; Veriato, Thaís da Silva; Raniero, Leandro José; Castilho, Maiara Lima
Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria are one of the world's biggest health problems; therefore, improving the spectrum of action of antibiotics could be necessary to reverse this situation. Amikacin and silver salts have well-known antimicrobial properties. However, both drugs lost their effectiveness against some bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. This work aims to develop a nanodrug from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with Amikacin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: AgNPs were produced using the bottom-up methodology and functionalized with Amikacin modified by the carbodiimide-based chemistry, forming AgNPs@Amikacin. Susceptibility tests were performed using Amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential of the developed nanodrug. The clinical strains were induced to form a biofilm, and biomass quantification and the metabolic activity were determined. Results: The AgNPs have a hydrodynamic diameter of the particles with a bimodal distribution, with a size of 37.84 nm. The FT-IR spectrum of AgNPs@Amikacin exhibits vibrational modes corresponding to Amikacin, confirming the conjugation to AgNPs. Susceptibility testing demonstrated a minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of < 0.5 µg/mL. The AgNPs@Amikacin reduced the biofilm metabolic activity of Acinetobacter baumannii at rates ≥ 50%, characterized by the minimal biofilm inhibition concentrations. Conclusions: Results demonstrate a promising development of a new nanodrug with lower concentrations, less toxicity, and greater efficacy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.
Antimicrobial Effect of the Amniotic Membrane Isolated and Associated with Photodynamic Therapy
(MDPI) Santos, Amanda Cerquearo Rodrigues dos; Teodoro, Guilherme Rodrigues; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros
Microbial control through alternative therapies, such as the amniotic membrane (AM) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), has been gaining prominence with the advancement of bacterial resistance to conventional treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of AM isolated and associated with aPDT using the PHTALOX® as a photosensitizer (PS) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. The groups studied were: C+; L; AM; AM+L; AM+PHTX; and AM+aPDT. The irradiation parameters were 660 nm, 50 J.cm−2, and 30 mW.cm−2. Two independent microbiological experiments were carried out in triplicate, and the results were analyzed by CFU/mL counting and a metabolic activity test, both statistically analyzed (p < 0.05). The integrity of the AM was verified after the treatments by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The groups AM, AM+PHTX, and, mainly, AM+aPDT showed a statistical difference When compared to C+ regarding the decrease in CFU/mL and metabolic activity. SEM analysis showed significant morphological alterations in the AM+PHTX and AM+aPDT groups. The treatments with AM isolated or associated with PHTALOX® were adequate. The association had potentiated the biofilm effect, and the morphological differences presented by AM after treatment did not hinder its antimicrobial effect, encouraging its use in biofilm formation locals.
Antimicrobial effects of photodynamic therapy with Fotoenticine on Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries
(Elsevier) Terra-Garcia, Maíra; Souza, Cheyenne Marçal de; Gonçalves, Nathalia Maria Ferreira; Pereira, André Henrique Correia; Barros, Patrícia Pimentel de; Borges, Alessandra Bühler; Miyakawa, Walter; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Junqueira, Juliana Campos
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy to control cariogenic pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans. Seeking to reach the total bacterial elimination from dental surfaces, novel photosensitizers have been investigated, such as Fotoenticine (FTC) derived from chlorin e6. The objective of this study was to investigate the photodynamic effects of FTC against several clinical strains of S. mutans. Clinical isolates were obtained from patients with active carious lesions, identified by molecular analysis and subjected to PDT using laser irradiation (660 nm and 39.5 J/cm2) in planktonic and biofilm stages. We identified 11 S. mutans strains from cervical, occlusal and proximal caries. PDT mediated by FTC has totally eliminated the S. mutans cells in planktonic growth for all analyzed strains. In biofilms, PDT with FTC reached statistically significant reductions compared with the non-treated control group, at 5.4, 5.5 and 6.5 Log10 (CFU/mL), respectively, for the strains from proximal, occlusal and cervical caries. The scanning electron microscopy evaluations confirmed that PDT mediated by FTC was able to disaggregate and kill the S. mutans cells adhered to enamel surface, suggesting its potential to disinfect the dental tissues.
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Fotenticine and Methylene Blue on Planktonic Growth, Biofilms, and Burn Infections of Acinetobacter baumannii
(MDPI) Figueiredo-Godoi, Lívia Mara Alves; Garcia, Maíra Terra; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana; Faustino, Eliseu Gabriel; Pedroso, Lara Luise Castro; Junqueira, Juliana Campos
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is considered a promising alternative strategy to control Acinetobacter baumannii infections. In this study, we evaluated the action of aPDT mediated by a new photosensitizer derivative from chlorin e-6 (Fotoenticine—FTC) on A. baumannii, comparing its effects with methylene blue (MB). For this, aPDT was applied on A. baumannii in planktonic growth, biofilms, and burn infections in Galleria mellonella. The absorption of FTC and MB by bacterial cells was also evaluated using microscopic and spectrophotometric analysis. The results of planktonic cultures showed that aPDT reduced the number of viable cells compared to the non-treated group for the reference and multidrug-resistant A. baumannii strains. These reductions varied from 1.4 to 2 log10 CFU for FTC and from 2 log10 CFU to total inhibition for MB. In biofilms, aPDT with MB reduced 3.9 log10 CFU of A. baumannii, whereas FTC had no effect on the cell counts. In G. mellonella, only MB-mediated aPDT had antimicrobial activity on burn injuries, increasing the larvae survival by 35%. Both photosensitizers were internalized by bacterial cells, but MB showed a higher absorption compared to FTC. In conclusion, MB had greater efficacy than FTC as a photosensitizer in aPDT against A. baumannii.
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with curcumin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
(Elsevier) Ribeiro, Isabelle de Paula; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Souza, Beatriz Müller Nunes; Miñán, Alejandro Guillermo; Ferreira-Strixino, Ferreira-Strixino
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) effect approximately 1.5 million individuals worldwide. Among the causes of HAIs in Latin America, Staphylococcus aureus presents a severe danger due to its rapid spread and ease of developing antibiotic resistance. Upon acquiring methicillin resistance, it receives the classification Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), responsible for 40 to 60% of HAIs. The increase in resistant microorganisms led to the search for alternative methods, such as antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), forming Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading bacterial cells to death. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial action of PDT with curcumin in MRSA biofilm. The strains were induced to form biofilm and incubated with curcumin for 20 min, irradiated with LED (Light Emitting Diode) 450 nm, at 110 mW/cm2, 50 J/cm2 for 455 s, subsequently counting the Colony Forming Units, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) micrographs, Confocal Microscopy images, Resazurin dye test, ROS quantification to assess the effect of PDT on biofilm. The results show that PDT with curcumin reduced the biofilm growth of the MRSA strain. In addition, confocal microscopy showed that curcumin was internalized by S. aureus in the cells at the concentration used, and when isolated, curcumin and the irradiation parameter did not show cytotoxicity. The study demonstrated that the PDT in the established parameters reduced the growth of the MRSA strain biofilm, making it a relevant alternative possibility for the inactivation of this strain.
Application of mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR) in quality evaluation in commercial coffees
(CDRR Editors) Fontes, Vitória; Pereira, Douglas Cubas; Lyra, Lucas Ferreira; Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi
Currently, Brazil is the largest exporter and producer of coffee in the world, and it is the second most consumed beverage in the world, only behind water. In the years 2019 and 2020 it is estimated that the world consumption of coffee was 168.84 million bags of 60 kg, Brazil consumed 20 million bags of coffee, the second-largest consumer in the world, only behind the United States with 25 million bags. The techniques such as infrared spectroscopy has been applied in the food industry, as it is a fast, easy technique, without the need for reagents, free from polluting processes, and capable of analyzing the simultaneous composition of the constituents. The present study aims to analyze the changes in the chemical constituents of Brazilian commercial coffees as a function of shelf life through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) associated with chemometric methods. The experiments were carried out within the expiration date, 6 months, and a year after the expiration date. Spectra were obtained in the range from 4000 to 500 cm-1. The studies of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were made as discrimination methods. The areas in the region from 2970 to 2830 cm-1 and 1765 to 1720 cm-1 were calculated to analyze the alteration as a function over time. The results suggest that these bands in coffee are sensitive over time and to the storage conditions, promoting changes in aroma and flavor.
BG-58S macrospheres produced using BG powder synthesized by alkali-mediated sol–gel process and different phosphorus precursor
(Springer Nature Link) Grancianinov, Karen Julie Santos; Santos, Kennedy dos; Gonçalves, Isabela; Donda, Giovanni Moreira; Lauda, Diogo Ponte; Amaral, Suelen; Souza, Amanda; Vasconcellos, Luana de; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de
Purpose Bioactive glass (BG) spheres with uniform shape and specific size variation are allowed to be packed into a 3D arrangement, which results in an open porosity that improves bone growth. Methods BG-58S macrospheres were produced using BG powder synthesized by alkali-mediated sol–gel process and different phosphorus precursors (TEP or phosphoric acid-AF). Macrospheres (MAF-1 M, MAF-2 M, MTEP-1 M, and MTEP-2 M) were characterized as to surface morphology and size, theoretical density, and specific surface area/pore size distribution. In vitro bioactivity was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF). In vitro tests were conducted (for MAF-2 M and MTEP-2 M) as cell viability, total protein content, determination of alkaline phosphatase, cell adhesion by means of SEM, and mineralization nodules formation compared to commercial product (BG-45S5). Biological performance was verified through histological and histomorphometric analyses around the samples: BG-45S5, MTEP-2 M, and control (clot). Results All physicochemical characterizations demonstrated favorable macrospheres for application in bone grafting. MTEP-2 M and MAF-2 M showed higher cell viability and total protein content when compared to BG-45S5 with a statisti- cal difference (p < 0.05); however, no statistical difference was detected among the groups regarding the determination of alkaline phosphatase (p > 0.05). Cells adhered to the surface were observed for all samples as well as nodules of minerali- zation. The results referring to in vivo biological assays showed no statistical difference between the experimental groups MTEP-2 M, BV45S5, and clot control in the two periods evaluated (p > 0.05). Conclusion The method used in this study was able to prepare macrosphere bioglass, and this material seems to be a promis- ing biomaterial to improve bone tissue regeneration.
Biochemical changes in Leishmania braziliensis after photodynamic therapy with methylene blue assessed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(Springer Nature Link) Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi; Bhattacharjee, Tanmoy; Fagundes, Jaciara; Marcolino, Luciana Maria Cortez; Ferreira, Isabelle; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with photosensitizer methylene blue was applied to Leishmania braziliensis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study biochemical changes in the parasite after PDT in comparison to untreated (C), only irradiation (I), and only photosensitizer (PS). Spectral analysis suggests increase in lipids, proteins, and protein secondary structures in PDT compared with C and decrease in nucleic acids and carbohydrates. Interestingly, these trends are different from PDT of Leishmania major species, wherein lipids decrease; there are minimal changes in secondary structures and increase in nucleic acids and carbohydrates. The study thus suggests possibility of different biomolecular players/pathways in PDT-induced death of L. braziliensis and L. major.
Biocomposite macrospheres based on strontium-bioactive glass for application as bone fillers
(American Chemical Society) Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Gonçalves, Isabela dos Santos; Santos, Kennedy Wallace dos; Lança, Maria Carmo; Vieira, Tânia; Silva, Jorge Carvalho; Cengiz, Ibrahim Fatih; Reis, Rui Luís; Oliveira, Joaquim Miguel; Borges, João Paulo Miranda Ribeiro
Traditional bioactive glass powders are typically composed of irregular particles that can be packed into dense configurations presenting low interconnectivity, which can limit bone ingrowth. The use of novel biocomposite sphere formulations comprising bioactive factors as bone fillers are most advantageous, as it simultaneously allows for packing the particles in a 3-dimensional manner to achieve an adequate interconnected porosity, enhanced biological performance, and ultimately a superior new bone formation. In this work, we develop and characterize novel biocomposite macrospheres of Sr-bioactive glass using sodium alginate, polylactic acid (PLA), and chitosan (CH) as encapsulating materials for finding applications as bone fillers. The biocomposite macrospheres that were obtained using PLA have a larger size distribution and higher porosity and an interconnectivity of 99.7%. Loose apatite particles were observed on the surface of macrospheres prepared with alginate and CH by means of soaking into a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. A dense apatite layer was formed on the biocomposite macrospheres’ surface produced with PLA, which served to protect PLA from degradation. In vitro investigations demonstrated that biocomposite macrospheres had minimal cytotoxic effects on a human osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2 cells). However, the accelerated degradation of PLA due to the degradation of bioactive glass may account for the observed decrease in SaOS-2 cells viability. Among the biocomposite macrospheres, those composed of PLA exhibited the most promising characteristics for their potential use as fillers in bone tissue repair applications.

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