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2D and 3D Models of Alzheimer’s Disease: Investigating Neuron-like Cells in Oxidative Environments
(ACS Publications) Salles, Geisa Rodrigues; Giraldi, Luiza de Andrade; Silva, Newton Soares da; Porcionatto, Marimelia Aparecida; Soares, Cristina Pacheco
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex and enigmatic neurodegenerative disorder in which amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates and oxidative stress play crucial roles in neuronal damage. Aβ forms senile plaques, while reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress causes cellular dysfunction. Elucidating neuronal injury led by mild and severe oxidative stress may provide insight into how neurons respond to toxic environments. In parallel, modeling AD three-dimensionally is in the spotlight, sustainably contributing to reducing animals in research and replicating spatially neuronal mechanisms, such as neurite network and oxidative stress responses. This study evaluates the effects of oxidative stress on neuron-like cells cultured in two-dimensional (2D) and 3D spheroids, strengthening their potential as platforms for AD investigation. For the 2D models, SH-SY5Y (cells from human neuroblastoma) cells were differentiated into the neuronal phenotype and exposed to mild or severe concentrations of oxygen peroxide (H2O2, 100 or 200 μM, respectively). Cytoviability, ROS, Aβ particle analyses, and morphological aspects were assessed. Neuronal cells under severe stress produced elevated levels of intra- and extracellular Aβ aggregates. A range of Aβ particle analyses were performed comparing their properties, and morphologically, neurites were compromised under severe stress. For the 3D models, SH-SY5Y spheroids were self-assembled by 10 days of cultivation on developed nonadhesive hydrogel microwells and differentiated into the neuronal phenotype; their area, circularity, and solidity were measured. Spheroids were exposed or not to 200 μM H2O2, stained for cytoskeleton/nuclei, and imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their viability was evaluated. Throughout the cultivation period, spheroids grew and differentiated morphologically. Neurite distribution was observed along the 3D composition; however, under oxidative stress, cytoviability decreased, abnormal nuclear staining was observed surrounding the spheroids, and morphological disorganization was evident by SEM, representing structural disarrangement and nuclear disruption. Briefly, this study provides a basis for exploring oxidative stress and producing robust 3D approaches to unraveling AD mechanisms.
3D-bioprinted model of adult neural stem cell microenvironment in Alzheimer’s disease
(ACCSCIENCE Publishing) Ferreira, Natalia Dall’Agnol; Ferreira, Paula Scanavez; Soares, Cristina Pacheco; Porcionatto, Marimelia Aparecida; Salles, Geisa Rodrigues
Neurogenesis plays a major role in neuroplasticity and memory. In adult human and mouse brains, neural stem cells (NSCs) are mainly distributed in two extensively characterized neurogenic niches: the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles. Impaired neurogenesis is one of the consequences of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), contributing to cognitive decline and progressive memory loss. Developing new in vitro models that resemble this three-dimensional (3D) structure is fundamental for enhancing our understanding of the SVZ neurogenic niche dynamics in AD. Herein, we produced and characterized a 3D-bioprinted model of the adult SVZ neurogenic niche containing amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, mimicking the NSC microenvironment in AD. In this model, Aβ oligomers induce oxidative stress and reduce the proliferative potential of NSCs, while stimulating neuronal differentiation. We hypothesize that these events are an early attempt of adult NSCs to compensate for neuronal death in AD pathogenesis. Our 3D model simulates the NSC niche physiology, reproducing an early response of NSCs in AD, strengthening the importance of studying the potential of neurogenesis in neurodegeneration.
A Brazilian multicenter pilot case series on the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy for COVID-19-related taste dysfunction
(Elsevier B.V.) Campos, Luana; Soares, Luı́s Eduardo Silva; Berlingieri, Giuseppina; Ramires, Marcia Christina Camargo Hernandes; Guirado, Milena Miranda Goulart; Lyra, Luciana Aparecida de Oliveira P.; Teixeira, Inessa Solek; Oliveira, Patrícia Costa de; Palma, Luiz Felipe; Álvares, Cristina Maria Arvate
Among the most common symptoms of COVID-19 is taste dysfunction, which has a ranging clinical presentation. As well as its pathophysiology remains to be unclear, there is not enough information about the efficacy and safety of the available treatments. This study aims to report a series of cases using PBMT for the management of COVID-19-related taste impairment. 8 female and 2 male patients sought medical help for taste impairment (either partially or completely) after COVID-19 infection. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the tongue mucosa was then proposed but with 3 different protocols. Taste perception at baseline and before every laser session was evaluated using a visual analog scale. Irrespective of the PBMT protocol, taste recovery was noted in all cases but with varying degrees of improvement. given the high prevalence rates of taste dysfunction in COVID-19 patients and the lack of information about the available treatments, PBMT seems to be a promising therapeutic modality but not dependent on the total number of laser sessions and the interval between them. The choice of the most suitable laser protocol as well as the knowledge of the exact photonic mechanisms, however, need to be better studied.
A Comprehensive Review on the Effects of Laser Photobiomodulation on Skeletal Muscle Fatigue in Spastic Patients
(Hindawi Publishing Corporation) Stamborowski, Sadi Fernando; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva; Leonardo, Patrícia Sardinha; Lima, Mário Oliveira
Peripheral muscle fatigue is a common experience in daily life. Every individual at some point in their life has realized the inability to maintain muscle contraction, a phenomenon known as fatigue. Interestingly, neurological patients with peripheral sequelae such as spastic muscle contraction are able to remain in a pattern of muscle contraction for prolonged periods. The effects of laser therapy are already recognized in muscle contraction to delay skeletal muscle fatigue, prolong physical activity, and reduce delayed onset muscle soreness. However, the effects of photobiomodulation on neurological patients with muscular spasticity are still not well established. The present literature review seeks to recognize articles about the application of laser irradiation, also known as photobiomodulation, to patients with muscle fatigue and/or spastic palsy. To perform a literature review, we used the systematic review methodology for the literature search. The following keywords were searched: (skeletal muscle fatigue) AND (spastic patients) AND (low-level laser therapy OR low intensity laser therapy OR low energy laser therapy OR LLLT OR LILT OR LELT OR infrared laser OR IR laser OR diode laser), and these were used for search on the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, BIREME, Scopus, and SciELO. Besides that, a literature review concerning on muscle physiology, fatigue, and LLLT was made. No language filter was applied, and altogether, 689 papers were identified. A group of 3 physiotherapists and 01 pharmaceutical scientist performed the literature review, and every exclusion was confirmed by at least two reviewers. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 128 studies were included in this review. Conclusion, the LLLT can contribute to the recovery of spastic patients and muscles in fatigue. However, the real effect of laser photobiomodulation on muscle spasticity remains to be established. Only a much reduced number of clinical trials have been performed with a small number of participants. There is a lack of clinical trials from different research groups that could help to understand and elucidate the effects of laser in prolonged muscle contraction in spastic palsy.
A microbead-enhanced electrochemical platform for β-amyloid peptide (1–42) detection
(Frontiersin) Razzino, Claudia do Amaral; Sgobbi, Lívia Flório; Cancino-Bernardi, Juliana; Zapata, Angelica Maria Mazuera; Costa, Clara Cardoso; Zucolotto, Valtencir; Vieira, Lucia; Lobo, Anderson Oliveira
Alzheimer’s disease is the most prevalent form of dementia and is primarily characterized by the accumulation of β-amyloid and phosphorylated tau proteins in the brain, along with the degeneration of nerve cells, which leads to impairment of various cognitive functions. A significant biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease is the decreased level of soluble β-amyloid peptide (1–42) (Aβ1-42) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as pathology progresses when CSF-Aβ1-42 levels drop below 192 pg mL-1 . In this study, we developed an amperometric immunosensor based on magnetic beads as the platform for constructing the immunosensor. Monoclonal antibodies are immobilized on the MBs, enabling selective detection of Aβ1-42. The detection antibody is conjugated with the enzyme horseradish peroxidase, which, in the presence of H2O2 and hydroquinone, catalyzes the decomposition of H2O2 and the oxidation of hydroquinone to p-quinone, generating an electric current measured at a potential of −200 mV (vs. the Ag pseudo-reference electrode) using screen-printed carbon electrodes. The amperometric sandwich-type immunosensor demonstrates a linear response in the concentration range of 10 to 10,000 pg mL-1 , with a detection limit of 7.4 pg mL-1 , exhibiting excellent selectivity against the assessed interferents. These findings suggest the potential application of this immunosensor in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, offering a sensitive and specific tool for clinical analysis. Despite its high performance, further studies are required to validate its robustness and applicability in complex clinical samples.
A new approach in bone tissue regeneration: in vivo study of the impact of calcium aluminate cement scaffolds incorporated with mesenchymal cells
(Universidade Estadual Paulista) Bronze, Carla da Silveira e Oliveira; Grisante, Letícia Adrielly Dias; Araújo, Juliani Caroline Ribeiro de; Guardia, Rafaella Souza; Vicuna, Iranel de las Nievez González; Oliveira, Ivone Regina de; Vasconcellos, Luana Marotta Reis de
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bone regeneration potential of CAC-based scaffolds, with or without mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), in bone defects created in rat femurs. Material and Methods: Forty-eight CAC scaffolds and their blends of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), zinc oxide (ZNO), and zirconia (ZIRC) were produced, with half of these incorporated with MSC. Twenty-three Wistar rats were used, with 3 for MSC isolation and 20 for creating bone defects in both femurs. Five animals were assigned to each group, and during the defect surgery and material insertion, the animals received MSC-incorporated scaffolds on the left side and non-incorporated scaffolds on the right side, with the same type of material used in each animal to avoid different systemic effects (n=5); they were euthanized 21 days after the surgical procedure. Results: In the scanning electron microscopy analysis of the scaffolds, structures with open and interconnected pores, as well as cell adhesion, were observed in all groups. In the histological analysis, all groups showed newly formed bone trabeculae interspersed with bone marrow cells and connective tissue. Conclusion: In the histomorphometry, for the scaffolds not incorporated with MSC, the ZIRC group showed greater bone formation, and in the MSC- incorporated scaffolds, the TCP group demonstrated better results, both exhibiting a statistically significant difference from the other groups (p<0.05).
Ação de extrato de folhas de Acmella oleracea (L.) R. K. Jansen em co-cultivo de Staphylococcus aureus e L929 (fibroblastos) simulando processo de celulite infecciosa
(CDRR Editors) Silva, Laís Eduarda; Silva, Carlos Augusto Priante da; Pacheco-Soares, Cristina; Silva, Newton Soares da
Introdução: A bactéria Staphylococcus aureus é o agente etiológico de maior incidência nas infecções de pele, dentre elas a celulite infecciosa. Seu tratamento é contido por antibióticos, porém o uso de plantas medicinais vem sendo utilizadas para tratamento. Acmella oleracea é uma planta da família Asteraceae conhecida como jambu. Objetivos: Avaliar a ação do extrato das folhas de Acmella oleracea em co-cultivo da linhagem celular L929 e bactérias Staphylococcus aureus simulando o processo de celulite infecciosa. Metodologia: Foi realizado primeiramente o teste MTT e Cristal Violeta na linhagem celular L929 incubadas com o extrato do jambu, nas concentrações 500 µg/mL, 1000 µg/mL e 2000 µg/mL. Foi realizado ensaios com Staphylococcus aureus incubado no período de 24 horas com o extrato do jambu nas mesmas concentrações. Resultados: Na avaliação das células L929 no teste MTT houve uma significância na concentração de 1000 µg/mL apresentando uma baixa atividade metabólica em relação as outras concentrações. No teste cristal violeta ocorreu um maior estímulo nas demais concentrações quando comparado ao controle. Na viabilidade da bactéria observou-se uma queda significativa da viabilidade quando comparado ao controle. A concentração de 500 ug/mL foi que apresentou um menor índice de UFC. Ao realizar o teste do co-cultivo L929 - S. aureus após a incubação de 24 horas com diferentes concentrações do extrato, foi possível avaliar que a ação do extrato apresentou uma redução significativa na viabilidade bacteriana e não interferência à viabilidade das células L929. Conclusão: Com estes resultados demonstramos que o extrato de Acmella oleracea apresentou uma atividade antimicrobiana sem interferir na linhagem de fibroblastos L929, sendo assim podendo ser utilizada contra a celulite infecciosa.
Action of Photodynamic Therapy at Low Fluence in 9 L/lacZ Cells after Interaction with Chlorins
(MDPI) Vitorio, Gabrielle dos Santos; Godoi, Bruno Henrique; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Ferreira, Isabelle; Pacheco Soares, Cristina; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Gliosarcoma (GS) is a primary malignant neoplasm of the central nervous system, treated with an unfavorable prognosis with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. The treatment for GS consists of surgical resection, almost always accompanied by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, given the invasive behavior of the tumor. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is studied as an alternative method that combines light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen. This study aimed to compare the effects of PDT using the photosensitizers Fotoenticine (FTC) and Photodithazine (PDZ) at low concentrations and fluences. For this study, 9 L/lacZ cells, concentrations of 1.55 µg mL−1 , 12.5 µg mL−1 , and 50 µg mL−1 of chlorins and fluences of 1, 5, and 10 J/cm2 were used. A test was also carried out with Trypan Blue in L929 cells at the mentioned concentrations at 5 J/cm2 . Both chlorins were internalized in the cytoplasm, with a significant reduction in viability (>95%) in almost all groups and altered cell adhesion and morphology after PDT. HSP70 expression decreased in both PS, while HSP27 increased only in PDT with FTC, and although there was a change in cell adhesion in the 9 L/LacZ lineage it was not observed in the L929 fibroblast lineage. Both chlorins were effective, highlighting the concentration of 50 µg mL−1 at the fluence of 5 J/cm2 ; according to the present study, the PDZ showed better results.
Adverse effects of topical photodynamic therapy in rosacea: Case report
(Elsevier) Sebbe-Santos, Priscilla Fróes; Miquilini, Patrícia; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Menezes, Priscila Fernanda Campos de; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Rosacea is a chronic and inflammatory skin condition, with relapses being a common characteristic. Its treatments are based on cosmetics, drugs, and the application of procedures based on high-powered light. Photodynamic Cosmetic Therapy (PCT) combines light, a photosensitizer (PS), and molecular oxygen present in tissues, generating photochemical reactions capable of causing tissue and vascular destruction, stimulating tissue repair. We report a case with an adverse effect caused by applying PCT, using 2 % 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA 2 %), and irradiated with amber LED light associated with infrared radiation for the control of rosacea. A patient with subtype II rosacea underwent PCT treatment of 3 sessions at 21-day intervals, being evaluated using photographic images and Wood’s lamp. In the first session of the therapy, an exacerbated inflammatory process was observed. Such an adverse event is estimated to be as a result of the patient using ointment containing corticosteroids for a short period. With the use of medications, it was possible to recover the appearance of the skin thoroughly, and after 21 days, the treatment sessions were performed again. Despite the complication that affected the patient in this study, positive effects were found after the pharmacological therapeutic measures were adopted.
Amniotic membrane applied to burns healing: Pre-clinical study
(CDRR Editors) Amorim, Fernanda Cláudia Miranda; Arisawa, Emilia Ângela Loschiavo; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros; Fonseca, Khetyma Moreira; Costa, Davidson Ribeiro; Rodrigues, Ana Beatriz Mendes; Carvalho, Jancineide Oliveira de
This preclinical study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair process of burns treated with human amniotic membrane (hAM) patches in rats. Twenty-four rats were subjected to superficial burns of partial thickness, and randomly allocated into two groups: Control and Treated Group, subdivided into two experimental periods of 7th and 14th days. The lesions were evaluated by digitalized images (macroscopy) and by the analysis of histological sections stained in H&E to quantify the number of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts present in the different experimental times (histomorphometry). The histomorphometric analyses were performed blindly. Statistical analysis employed Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann Whitney tests, with 95% confidence interval at 5% significance level (p <0.05). Macroscopically, the lesions of Treated group presented a crust formation before Control Group, and there were no signs of infection in both groups. Microscopically, the qualitative analysis showed a faster evolution in the healing process of the Treated groups compared to the Control, with reduction of the inflammatory infiltrate, intense fibroblasts proliferation and better organization of the collagen fibers. The quantitative analysis showed statistically significant results regarding the reduction of inflammatory cells (p<0.0001) at 7th and 14 th day and increased proliferation of fibroblasts at 14th day (p<0.0001) in lesions treated with hAM compared to Control group. The results of this preclinical study demonstrated that the application of hAM patches reduces the inflammatory process and accelerates the onset of the proliferative phase in burn injuries.
Amniotic membrane modulates MMP9 and MMP12 gene and protein expression in experimental model of the hepatic fibrosis
(Academia Brasileira de Ciências) Alves, Ana Paula da Silva; Teixeira, Roberta Jenniffer Maciel; Silva, Raissa Monteiro da; Canevari, Renata de Azevedo; Sant’Anna, Luciana Barros
Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of collagen in the hepatic parenchyma, which disturbs the normal architecture and function. We have shown that human amniotic membrane (AM) can be used as a patch on the whole liver surface, resulting in an extremely significant reduction in collagen deposition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AM on the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) genes and proteins expression by real time quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively, as well as image analysis on biliary fibrosis induced in rats by the bile duct ligation (BDL).Two weeks after the BDL, an AM fragment was applied onto the liver, and four weeks later, the liver samples were collected. MMP9 and MMP12 genes were significantly over expressed in group treated with AM. The immunoexpression of MMP9 and MMP12 was observed in all groups. However, the quantitative image analysis demonstrated an increase of the area occupied only by MMP12 in the livers of AM-treated rats with respect to BDL rats. These findings suggest that the AM exerts its beneficial effects on biliary fibrosis by increasing the MMP12, which in turn reduces the excessive collagen deposition on liver tissue.
Análise da performance muscular de atletas submetidos à reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior após programa de reabilitação
(CDRR Editor) Nogueira, Daniel Vilela; Lemos, Sergio Luiz; Carvalho Neto, Fernando Azevedo; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva; Lima, Mário Oliveira
As lesões ligamentares de joelho vêm sendo amplamente discutidas nos últimos anos, impulsionado pelo elevado número de casos na prática esportiva. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar o desempenho muscular de atletas que participaram de um programa de reabilitação após reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), por meio de um software desenvolvido para avaliar parâmetros como pico de torque, trabalho total e potência muscular. Foram avaliados 59 atletas amadores, submetidos a reconstrução do LCA com enxerto do grupo muscular flexor, com 6 meses de reabilitação iniciada imediatamente a cirurgia. A avaliação foi constituída por 5 contrações isocinéticas concêntricas com velocidade constante de 60o/s para flexão e extensão do joelho realizadas no dinamômetro isocinético. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio do software Análise da Performance Muscular na Dinamometria Isocinética®, desenvolvido para a realização desse estudo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar uma diferença de mais de 10% entre os lados para o pico torque, trabalho total e potência máxima (p<0,05) sendo que o grupo muscular extensor apresentou valores menores para o lado operado. O grupo muscular flexor não apresentou diferença significativa das mesmas variávei. O software desenvolvido em linguagem C /Matlab permitiu melhor visualização, interpretação e análise da performance muscular, oferecendo resultados consistentes para todos os atletas avaliados. Os resultados indicam que os 6 meses de reabilitação não foram suficientes para promover simetria de força entre os lados para o grupo muscular extensor do joelho, indicando um risco de retorno ao esporte nesta fase do tratamento.
Análise das alterações de biomoléculas causadas pela exposição ao fármaco diclofenaco sódico em peixes da espécie Brycon Opalinusutilizando a espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR)
(CDRR Editors) Banhara, Vanessa Fernandez; Mello, Andriele Maisa de Oliveira; Lyra, Lucas Ferreira; Aquino-Silva, Maria Regina de; Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi
O aumento no consumo de medicamentos em todo mundo tem gerado vários estudos sobre os impactos causados pelo descarte inadequado de resíduos que contenham os princípios ativos dos medicamentos no meio ambiente. Após serem ingeridos, estes medicamentos são excretados na forma de outros compostos no esgoto doméstico, que vários ainda são persistentes no ambiente e geram alterações fisiológicas em organismos aquáticos. Devido ao crescimento populacional e o consumo excessivo, o anti-inflamatório conhecido como diclofenaco sódico, está entre os principais medicamentos encontrados nas águas superficiais brasileiras, em concentrações na faixa de micrograma por litro (µg.L-1 ). Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as alterações biomoleculares que o diclofenaco pode gerar em peixes da espécie Brycon opalinus, utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) acoplada aos métodos quimiométricos, a análise de componentes principais (PCA) e a análise de agrupamento hierárquico (HCA). Foram estudadas duas diferentes concentrações de diclofenaco mais o controle. O órgão selecionado para ser estudado foram as brânquias. Os resultados de PCA e HCA mostraram a discriminação entre os espectros de controle e tratados. A análise quantitativa através do cálculo das áreas das bandas de lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos mostrou alterações nestas biomoléculas, sendo que proteínas e carboidratos são mais sensíveis a exposição ao diclofenaco. Os resultados de deconvolução e ajuste de curvas mostraram a diminuição de estrutura desordenada e aumento de β folha da estrutura secundária de proteína para a exposição de 4,4 µg.L-1 de diclofenaco.
Análise do comportamento eletromiográfico e da força durante a fadiga do musculo bíceps braquial
(Universidade do Vale do Paraíba) Souza, Gabriela Aparecida da Silveira; Macedo, Humberto Gimenes; Klausner, Virginia; Cezarini, Marina Vedelago; Lemos, Sergio Luiz; Nascimento Filho, Alexandre Alves do; Corrêa, Marina; Spinelli, Bruna Moreira de Oliveira; Barbaroto, Douglas; Pinto, Ana Paula; Lima, Mario; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo; Lima, Fernanda Púpio Silva
A fadiga muscular é definida como a incapacidade de manter a contração muscular e é ocasionada por alterações bioquímicas que modificam a mecânica da contração muscular, resultando em redução da performance atlética. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento mioelétrico e a força de indivíduos hígidos durante a fadiga do músculo bíceps braquial. O estudo foi composto por 13 voluntários do sexo masculino com idade entre 20 e 30 anos (25±3,7). Para a indução da fadiga muscular foram realizadas três Contrações Isométricas Voluntárias Máximas (CIVM) com duração de 50 segundos e intervalo de 50 segundos, utilizando um dinamômetro computadorizado acoplado ao eletromiógrafo de superfície. Durante a CIVM foi avaliado o sinal eletromiográfico e a força. Foi possível observar nos resultados uma queda da força muscular e dos parâmetros avaliados por meio da eletromiografia durante a fadiga muscular. A partir da regressão linear dos dados obtidos por meio da eletromiografia e dinamometria foi possível obter o coeficiente angular da reta para cada teste (Teste 1, Teste 2 e Teste 3), nota-se que houve queda de todos os parâmetros avaliados por meio da eletromiografia de superfície e da força muscular, entretanto não houve diferença estatística entre os testes, demonstrando similaridade do comportamento do sinal entre os testes. Conclui-se, portanto, que os parâmetros eletromiográficos analisados (frequência média, frequência mediana e RMS) e a força apresentam um decréscimo durante a fadiga muscular induzida por meio da CIVM.
Análise dos sinais vitais e do desempenho cardiorrespiratório de pessoas com disfunções neurológicas após realização de um protocolo de reabilitação
(CDRR Editors) Lopes, Taciana; Pinto, Ana Paula; Lemos, Sérgio Luiz; Carolina Lobo Guimarães; Abreu, Élida Goulart de; Machado, Douglas Vinicius de Souza; Lopes-Martins, Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão; Lima, Mário de Oliveira; Lima, Fernanda Pupio Silva
Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os sinais vitais e o desempenho cardiorrespiratório (velocidade média durante o treino aeróbico) de pessoas com disfunções neurológicas após realização de um protocolo de reabilitação. Participaram 14 voluntários de ambos os gêneros, entre 18 a 85 anos. Ao longo do protocolo foram coletados os sinais vitais durante o repouso inicial; esforço e recuperação. Foram avaliados parâmetros como: pressão arterial (PA), saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2), frequência cardíaca (FC), escala de percepção subjetiva de esforço (BORG) e velocidade média da marcha em um programa de reabilitação cardiorrespiratória durante 12 semanas, totalizando 24 sessões, sendo que cada sessão teve duração de 1 hora. Verificou-se que a frequência cardíaca de recuperação pós exercício reduziu em relação aos esforços, mas não retornou aos valores basais com diferença estatística. Por sua vez, a frequência cardíaca inicial durante o repouso ao longo do tratamento, apresentou diminuição significativa (p<0,05). O desempenho cardiorrespiratório se comportou em fases (fase inicial, intermediária, final), sendo que o resultado mais satisfatório ocorreu na fase final, a partir da 14ª sessão. A FC durante o esforço apresentou um aumento significativo de 6%. Assim, foi possível constatar que após a reabilitação cardiorrespiratória, a FCi diminuiu, ocorreu melhora do desempenho sem grandes variações de FC, PA e SpO2 durante o esforço, demonstrando que o tratamento foi benéfico e seguro para os voluntários com lesão do sistema nervoso central.
Analysis of Movements in Spinal Cord Hemisection Treatment with Amniotic Membrane – Preclinical Study
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc.) Neves, Marcele Florêncio das; Fonseca, Joyce Lilian Reis da; Carvalho, Paula Cristina Simões de; Pereira, Aline Priscila Campos; Polisel, Evandro Henrique Pintor; Proglhof, Stephanie de Medeiros Passos; Sant ́Anna, Luciana Barros; Lima, Mário Oliveira; Arisawa, Emília Ângela Lo Schiavo
Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Amniotic Membrane application in rats with Spinal Cord Injury induced by transverse hemisection using kinematic analysis and Sciatic Functional Index. Study design: True experimental research design. Place and Duration of Study: Instiuto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D) of Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), between September 2016 and December 2017. Methodology: Fifteen adult male rats were used, allocated into three equal groups: Control (the spinal cord injury and Amniotic Membrane application were simulated), Lesion (spinal cord injury not treated), Amniotic membrane (spinal cord injury treated by amniotic membrane). All animals underwent surgical procedures. A transverse hemisection was performed in groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrene. A fragment of the biomaterial was applied in group AM covering the hemisection area. Results: Sciatic Functional Index and motion analysis were performed by comparing images taken at pre- and postoperative time at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The kinematic analysis showed a significant difference between groups Control and Lesion at 7 days (p = 0.023) and 14 days (p = 0.015), and between groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane at 14 days (p = 0.039), comparing the postoperative periods. The Sciatic Functional Index revealed significant differences between Groups Control and Lesion at 7 (p = -0.002), 14 (p = 0.003), and 21 days (p = 0.009), between Groups Control and Amniotic Membrane at 7 (p = 0.014), 14 (p = 0.007), and 28 days (p = 0; 013), and between Groups Lesion and Amniotic Membrane only at 14 days (p = 0.039). Conclusion: Application of amniotic membrane in spinal cord hemisection in rats induced gait recovery and improvement in SFI compared to the untreated group.
Analysis of the biomolecular profile by Fourier transform vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR) in Acinetobacter baumannii after application of photodynamic therapy with curcumin "in vitro "
(Elsevier) Marques, Camila Monteiro Santos; Lyra, Lucas Ferreira; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Sakane, Kumiko Koibuchi; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Acinetobacter baumannii stands out for its antimicrobial resistance and high capacity to cause hospital infections, posing a severe threat to global public health. Thus, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic strategies. This work applied photodynamic therapy (PDT) with curcumin to Acinetobacter baumannii, and bacterial cell viability was assessed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to study changes in biomolecules after PDT application, comparing them with control groups that were only irradiated and only with curcumin photosensitizer. According to the results, there was an increase in the total amount of lipids (~0.3 %), total proteins (~0.6 %), and nuclear material (~8.6 %), with a decrease in carbohydrates (~3.0 %) after the appli- cation of PDT, compared to the control group. In the secondary structure of the proteins, a reduction in α-helix (~3.0 %), disordered structure (~7.0 %), and turns (~5.0 %) was observed, with an increase in β-sheets (~8.8 %). The analysis of biomolecular changes by FT-IR after the application of PDT can contribute to understanding the mechanisms of action of cell death, enabling therapeutic strategies to improve diagnosis and clinical treatment.
Analysis of the effects of Photodynamic therapy with Photodithazine on the treatment of 9l/lacZ cells, in vitro study
(Elsevier) Vitorio, Gabrielle dos Santos; Almeida, Rainara Moreno Sanches de; Pinto, Juliana Guerra; Fontana, Letícia Corrêa; Ferreira-Strixino, Juliana
Gliosarcoma is an aggressive brain tumor. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a treatment that can be used for various cancers of the CNS. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of PDT with Photodithazine (PDZ) in the treatment of gliosarcoma, using 9 L/lacZ cells and serial concentrations of 200 μg/mL to 3.1 μg/mL of PDZ. The samples were divided into two groups: dark and light (10 J/cm2). The PDZ was internalized along all the cytoplasmic extension. Viability tests demonstrated a reduction in viable cells after PDT. The production of ROS was concentration-dependent and PDZ was found in mitochondria and lysosomes, presenting a discrete connection with α-tubulin. However, this structure is likely damaged, evidenced by changes in the morphological analysis. Thus, according to the parameters of this study, PDZ proved to be an interesting PS in PDT for the treatment of gliosarcoma, with the inherent limitations of an in vitro study.
Analysis of the Protective Potential of the Amniotic Membrane in an In Vitro Experimental Model of Demyelination in Mouse Brain Organotypic Slices
(ACS Publications) Guimarães, Melissa; Calheiro, Gabriela Antonia Tie; Sant'Anna, Luciana Barros
Amniotic membrane (AM) is a biological material recognized for its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, constituting a promising approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as demyelinating diseases. Some neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS), occur with demyelination, which is a process characterized by the loss of myelin, a structure responsible for the adequate conduction of nerve impulses, compromising neuronal functionality. In this context, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of AM in protecting nervous tissue against the demyelinating effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC, lysolecithin), using organotypic brain slices from C57BL/6 mice as an in vitro experimental model. Four experimental groups were established: C−H (healthy slices), C- DEM (slices demyelinated with LPC), C-AM (healthy slices with AM), and AM-LPC (slices protected by AM before LPC). The analyses included histological staining (Hematoxylin and Eosin, Luxol Fast Blue), metabolic test with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results showed that AM preserved myelin and tissue architecture in the challenged slices, while the demyelination group presented microcavitations, structural disorganization, and loss of distinction between white and gray matter. The TTC assay revealed high metabolic activity in the slices protected by AM, in contrast with the low activity in the demyelinated group. SEM analysis reinforced the efficacy of AM, evidencing a preserved organization of the brain parenchyma in slices protected by AM. Thus, the results demonstrate that AM was effective in protecting nervous tissue against the demyelinating effects of lysophosphatidylcholine, preserving myelin, structural organization, and metabolic activity of brain slices, as evidenced by histological, metabolic, and ultrastructural analyses with SEM.
Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles functionalized with amikacin applied against multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii
(Elsevier) Camargo, Larissa de Oliveira; Fontoura, Inglid; Veriato, Thaís da Silva; Raniero, Leandro José; Castilho, Maiara Lima
Background: Multidrug-resistant bacteria are one of the world's biggest health problems; therefore, improving the spectrum of action of antibiotics could be necessary to reverse this situation. Amikacin and silver salts have well-known antimicrobial properties. However, both drugs lost their effectiveness against some bacteria, such as Acinetobacter baumannii. This work aims to develop a nanodrug from silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with Amikacin against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Methods: AgNPs were produced using the bottom-up methodology and functionalized with Amikacin modified by the carbodiimide-based chemistry, forming AgNPs@Amikacin. Susceptibility tests were performed using Amikacin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains to assess the bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential of the developed nanodrug. The clinical strains were induced to form a biofilm, and biomass quantification and the metabolic activity were determined. Results: The AgNPs have a hydrodynamic diameter of the particles with a bimodal distribution, with a size of 37.84 nm. The FT-IR spectrum of AgNPs@Amikacin exhibits vibrational modes corresponding to Amikacin, confirming the conjugation to AgNPs. Susceptibility testing demonstrated a minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentration of < 0.5 µg/mL. The AgNPs@Amikacin reduced the biofilm metabolic activity of Acinetobacter baumannii at rates ≥ 50%, characterized by the minimal biofilm inhibition concentrations. Conclusions: Results demonstrate a promising development of a new nanodrug with lower concentrations, less toxicity, and greater efficacy against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

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